| 时态 | 结构 | 例句 |
|---|---|---|
| 一般现在时的被动语态 | is/am/are + 过去分词 | The door is locked. 门被锁上了。 |
| 一般过去时的被动语态 | was/were + 过去分词 | The book was written by him. 这本书是他写的。 |
| 一般将来时的被动语态 | will/shall + be + 过去分词 | The work will be finished tomorrow. 这项工作明天将被完成。 |
| 现在进行时的被动语态 | am/is/are + being + 过去分词 | The cake is being made by her. 蛋糕正在被她做。 |
| 过去进行时的被动语态 | was/were + being + 过去分词 | The house was being painted by them. 房子正在被他们粉刷。 |
| 现在完成时的被动语态 | have/has + been + 过去分词 | The letter has been sent by me. 信已经被我寄出。 |
| 过去完成时的被动语态 | had + been + 过去分词 | The problem had been solved by her. 这个问题已经被她解决了。 |
| 含有情态动词的被动语态 | 情态动词 + be + 过去分词 | The window can be opened by him. 窗户可以被他打开。 |
被动语态的结构是用助动词be和动词的过去分词来表示主语和谓语之间的被动关系。
被动语态可以用于英语的各种时态,只要根据be动词的时态变化来调整。
is/am/are + 过去分词。如:
The door is locked.
门被锁上了。
was/were + 过去分词。如:
The book was written by him.
这本书是他写的。
will/shall + be + 过去分词。如:
The work will be finished tomorrow.
这项工作明天将被完成。
am/is/are + being + 过去分词。如:
The cake is being made by her.
蛋糕正在被她做。
was/were + being + 过去分词。如:
The house was being painted by them.
房子正在被他们粉刷。
have/has + been + 过去分词。如:
The letter has been sent by me.
信已经被我寄出。
had + been + 过去分词。如:
The problem had been solved by her.
这个问题已经被她解决了。
情态动词 + be + 过去分词。如:
The window can be opened by him.
窗户可以被他打开。
如果要强调动作的执行者,可以在句子后面加上by和动作执行者的名词或代词。
如果不知道或不重要谁是动作的执行者,可以省略by短语。如:The cake was eaten. (by someone)
蛋糕被吃了。(不知道或不重要是谁吃的)