Lesson 19 Tired and thirsty.
【课文详注 Further notes on the text】
1．What's the matter？怎么啦？
相当于 What's wrong？或 Tell me what's wrong。这个句型通常用来询问发生了什么事。假如要非凡提及某人，可以在后面加上介词with，如：
What's the matter with you?你怎么啦？
What's the matter with Claire?克莱尔怎么啦？
2．Mum，儿语中小孩子对母亲的称呼。与此相似，dad是对父亲的儿语称呼。
3．There's = There is。它表示“有”、“存在”，为 there + be结构的一般现在时缩略形式。
4．Two ice creams please．请拿两份冰淇淋。
相当于 Give us two ice creams，please。请参见 Lessons 3～4课文注释。ice cream是物质名词。物质名词前加不定冠词 a或基数词表示一种、一份、一客、一类、一阵等。
【语法 Grammar in use】
1．there +be结构（1）
在说明或询问人、物等的存在时即可使用there +be结构。说There's an ice cream man比说An ice cream man is there更合乎习惯，也更为自然。there +be结构可将重要的新信息置于句末，以示强调。此结构中的实际主语是be后面的名词。因此，假如该名词是单数就用is，如是复数则为are。
2．人称代词与be
英文中系动词be（是）必须根据不同的人称代词作相应的变化。请参见Lessons15～16语法部分中有关be的一般现在时形式的内容，包括某些缩略形式，如：they are not =they aren't =they're not，we are not = we aren't =we're not。
【词汇学习 Word study】
1．thirsty adj.
（1）渴的，口干的： We're tired and thirsty.我们又累又渴。
（2）（土地等）干旱的： a dry and thirsty land 干旱的土地
（3）渴望的，渴求的（for，after）：The students there are thirsty for knowledge. 那里的学生有强烈的求知欲。
2．matter n.
（1）事情，事件：
It's a private matter.这是件私事。
He's not very interested in financial matters.他对财政方面的事情并不太感兴趣。
（2）麻烦事，困难：
What's the matter, Anna? 怎么了，安娜？
What's the matter with Steven? 史蒂文是怎么回事？
【练习答案 Key to written exercises】
Lesson 20
A
1 Those children are tired.
2 Their mother is tired, too.
3 That ice cream man is very busy.
4 His ice creams are very nice.
5 What's the matter, children? We are thirsty.
6 What's the matter, Tim? I am tired.
B
1 Are the children tired or thirsty? They're not tired. They're thirsty.
2 Are the postmen cold or hot? They're not cold. They're hot.
3 Are the hairdressers thin or fat? They're not thin. They're fat.
4 Are the shoes small or big? They're not small. They're big.
5 Are the shops shut or open? They're not shut. They're open.
6 Are his cases heavy or light? They're not heavy. They're light.
7 Are grandmother and grandfather young or old? They're not young. They're old.
8 Are their hats old or new? They're not old. They're new.
9 Are the policemen short or tall? They're not short. They're tall.
10 Are his trousers short or long? They're not short. They're long.
"there + be" 结构是英语中用来表达存在或有的情况的一种基本句型。这个结构可以用于任何时态，但最基本的形式是现在时态。在这种结构中，"there" 不是代词，而是一个引导词，用来引导句子。实际的主语是 "be" 动词后面的名词。
此外，"there + be" 结构中的 "be" 动词可以通过变化时态来表达不同的时间概念。例如：
系动词 "be" 在英语中是一个特殊的动词，因为它会根据主语的人称和数来变化。"be" 的一般现在时形式与人称代词的搭配如下：
此外，"be" 动词的否定形式和缩略形式也非常常用：
例如：
掌握这些基本的语法规则对于构建正确的英语句子至关重要。希望这些解释能帮助您更好地理解和使用 "there + be" 结构和系动词 "be"。