Lesson 21 Which book?哪一本书?

【课文详注 Further notes on the text】 

1.Give me a book please, Jane.请拿本书给我,简。

这是一个祈使句。祈使句表示请求或命令。(请参见Lessons 13~14语法部分的说明。)表示客气的请求时,通常加please。

2.Which book? 哪一本?

是Which book do you want?的省略形式。下文中的This one? 是Do you want this one?的省略形式。No, not that one是No, I do not want that one的省略形式。口语中常用这样的省略句。

3.This one?是这本吗?

相当于:Do you want this one? one是不定代词,代替 a book,以避免重复。one的复数形式是ones。one和ones前面都可用定冠词,也可有自己的定语。

4.数字1,010,1,011,1,016的英文写法

1,010----a thousand and ten; 1,011----a thousand and eleven; 1,016----a thousand and sixteen

【语法 Grammar in use】

1.人称代词

代词,顾名思义,就是用来代替名词或名词短语的词,在已经知道所指的是谁或什么的情况下使用,以免行文重复。人称代词有主格和宾格之分。在陈述句中,主格代词差不多总是位于动词之前。宾格代词可代替处于宾语位置上的名词,它们可以作直接宾语和间接宾语。

Give me/him/her/us/them a book. 给我/他/她/我们/他(她)们一本书。(宾格代词)

2.which引导的非凡疑问句(请参见Lessons 5~6中语法部分的说明。)

用which +名词可询问物体(单数或复数)或物质。which总是说明一种限定的、特指的选择。如:

Which book/books do you prefer? 你喜欢哪本/哪些书?

Which car do you like best? 你最喜欢哪种汽车?

【词汇学习 Word study】

1.large与big

(1)large仅指物理量值的大,是small的反义词。

large主要指体积、面积、外形、数量方面的大,修饰人时指个子大。如:

China is a large country. 中国是一个幅员辽阔的国家。

Look at that large woman in white. 瞧那个身穿白色衣服、个子高大的女人。

(2)big所表示的大,主要指不仅体积大而且很重。所以a large box未必big。big在修饰人时,主要指大人物,但个子未必高大。如:

It is a big house. 这是一所大房子。(此句指不仅体积大,而且给人深刻的或坚固的印象。)

She's very big in the filmdom. 她在电影界中是个响当当的人物。(此句指不仅成功,且具有很大的影响力。)

2.small与little

(1)small指物理量值的小或少,是large的反义词,不带什么感情色彩。如:

It is a small factory. 这是一个小新概念。

I want the small one with the yellow handle. 我想要带新概念把手的那个小的。

(2)little也表示小或少,但有小而可爱的感情色彩,是big的反义词。如:

There is a little garden behind our house. 我们的屋后有个小花园。(此句表示花园虽小,但很可爱。)

She has the sweetest little smiles. 她的微笑十分甜蜜可爱。

【练习答案 Key to written exercises

Lesson 22

A

1 Is this Nicola's coat? No, it's not. Her coat is grey.

2 Are these your pens? No, they're not. My pens are blue.

3 Is this Mr. Jackson's hat? No, it's not. His hat is black.

4 Are these the children's books? No, they're not. Their books are red.

5 Is this Helen's dog? No, it's not. Her dog is brown and white.

6 Is this your father's tie? No, it's not. His tie is orange.

B

1 Give me a cup please.

Which one? This dirty one?

No, not this dirty one. That clean one.

Here you are.

Thank you.

2 Give me a glass please.

Which one? This empty one?

No, not this empty one. That full one.

Here you are.

Thank you.

3 Give me a bottle please.

Which one? This large one?

No, not this large one. That small one.

Here you are.

Thank you.

4 Give me a box please.

Which one? This big one?

No, not this big one. That little one.

Here you are.

Thank you.

5 Give me a tin please.

Which one? This new one?

No, not this new one. That old one.

Here you are.

Thank you.

6 Give me a knife please.

Which one? This sharp one?

No, not this sharp one. That blunt one.

Here you are.

Thank you.

7 Give me a spoon please.

Which one? This new one?

No, not this new one. That old one.

Here you are.

Thank you.

8 Give me a fork please.

Which one? This large one?

No, not this large one. That small one.

Here you are.

Thank you.


人称代词的主格和宾格
主格 宾格
I me
you you
he him
she her
we us
they them
it it
one one

人称代词的分类与用法

人称代词根据人称和数量的不同,可以分为第一人称、第二人称和第三人称,以及单数和复数形式。每种形式都有主格和宾格两种形式,分别用于不同的语境中。

主格代词通常用作句子的主语,位于动词之前。例如: He reads a book.(他读书。)

宾格代词则通常用作宾语,可以是直接宾语或间接宾语。例如: Give the book to her.(把书给她。)

在您的例句中,"Give me/him/her/us/them a book." 展示了宾格代词作为直接宾语的用法。

which引导的非凡疑问句

"which" 是一个关系代词,用于引导限定性的选择疑问句。它要求回答者从有限的、特定的选项中做出选择。"which" 通常用于询问单数或复数的物体或物质,强调在一定范围内的选择。

在使用"which" 引导的疑问句时,重要的是要确保所提供的选择范围是明确的,这样回答者才能给出具体且相关的回答。通过这种方式,"which" 有助于提高交流的精确性和有效性。