Lesson 27 Mrs. Smith's living room史密斯太太的客厅
课文详注 Further notes on the text
1．Where are they?它们在哪里？
句中they指图中的那些东西。（可参见Lessons 25～26语法部分。）
2．数字9，999与10，001的英文写法
9，999----nine thousand nine hundred and ninety-nine; 10，001----ten thousand and one
语法 Grammar in use
1．there＋be结构（2）
（1）there＋be结构变成疑问句时，只需将动词be和there互换位置，句子其余部分不变。如：
Is there a dirty fork on the plate? 碟子上有一个脏的叉子吗？
Is there a full bottle in the cupboard? 橱柜里有一瓶酒吗？
Are there any ties on the floor? 地上有一些领带吗？
Are there any newspapers on the shelf? 架子上有些报纸吗？
（2）there＋be结构变成否定句时，需在动词be后加not（any）或no。如：
No, there is not a fork on the plate. 没有，碟子上没有叉子。
No, there isn't one in the cupboard. 没有，橱柜里一个也没有。
No, there aren't any ties on the floor. 没有，地板上没有任何领带。
No, there are no newspapers on the shelf. 没有，架子上没有任何报纸。
2．some和any的用法
在英语中，some和any是两个最常用的数量词。用some和any时，一般不必精确地说明数量到底有多么大或多么小。它们的作用经常像是a/an的复数。
（1）some（表示确定的数量）表示“某些但不是全部”的意思，通常用于肯定句中。在疑问句中，所希望的回答是Yes时也可使用some。如：
There is some water in the glass. 玻璃杯里有些水。
There are some cigarettes in the box. 盒子里有些雪茄。
Have you got some paper-clips in that box? 你那只盒子里有一些回形针吧？（我知道或我认为你有一些，故希望你会说“有”。）
some加可数名词或不可数名词时，在流畅的话语中一般不重读，而念为/s+m/。
（2）any（表示不确定的数量）通常用在含有not或-n't的否定句中，也用于表示我们不能确定答案是肯定还是否定，或者用于预料得到的回答是No的疑问句中。如：
There are not any spoons in the cupboard. 橱柜中没有任何汤匙。
There aren't any plates on the dressing table. 梳妆台上任何碟子都没有。
词汇学习 Word study
near adj.
（1）靠近的，接近的：
The television is near the window. 电视机在窗户旁边。
There are some shoes on the floor. They're near the bed. 地板上有些鞋子。它们在床四周。
（2）关系接近的，亲近的：
She is a near friend of mine. 她是我的一位密友。
My uncle is my nearest relative. 我叔叔是我血缘最近的亲戚。
（3）近似的；几乎是的：
The picture may not be an exact replica but it's pretty near. 这幅画也许不是一件一模一样的复制品，但它已酷似原作了。
练习答案 Key to written exercises
Lesson 28
A
1 There are some pencils on the desk.
2 There are some knives near that tin.
3 There are some policemen in the kitchen.
4 There are some newspapers in the living room.
5 There are some keyboard operators in the office.
B
1 Are there any books in the room?
No, there aren't any books in the room.
There are some magazines.
Where are they?
They're on the television.
2 Are there any ties on the floor?
No, there aren't any ties on the floor.
There are some shoes.
Where are they?
They're near the bed.
3 Are there any glasses on the cupboard?
No, there aren't any glasses on the cupboard.
There are some bottles.
Where are they?
They're near those tins.
4 Are there any newspapers on the shelf?
No, there aren't any newspapers on the shelf.
There are some tickets.
Where are they?
They're in that handbag.
5 Are there any forks on the table?
No, there aren't any forks on the table.
There are some knives.
Where are they?
They're in that box.
6 Are there any cups on the stereo?
No, there aren't any cups on the stereo.
There are some glasses.
Where are they?
They're near those bottles.
7 Are there any cups in the kitchen?
No, there aren't any cups in the kitchen.
There are some plates.
Where are they?
They're on the cooker.
8 Are there any glasses in the kitchen?
No, there aren't any glasses in the kitchen.
There are some bottles.
Where are they?
They're in the refrigerator.
9 Are there any books in the room?
No, there aren't any books in the room.
There are some pictures.
Where are they?
They're on the wall.
10 Are there any chairs in the room?
No, there aren't any chairs in the room.
There are some armchairs.
Where are they?
They're near the table
（1）疑问句：
将 there + be 结构变为疑问句时，主要的变化是将动词be和there的位置互换，并且句首的第一个字母大写。
在这些例子中，无论主语是单数还是复数，都将be动词提前到there之前，并根据主语的单复数选择合适的be动词形式（is 或 are）。
（2）否定句：
将 there + be 结构变为否定句时，通常在be动词后加上not，或者在句尾加上no。
在这些例子中，根据be动词的单复数形式（is 或 are），在动词后面加上not来构成否定句。
（1）some：
some 通常用于肯定句中，表示“一些”或“某些”，但不强调具体的数量。它可以用在可数名词和不可数名词前面。
在疑问句中，当期望的回答是肯定的时，也可以使用some。
（2）any：
any 通常用在否定句或疑问句中，表示“任何”或“一些”，用于不确定的情况下。它同样可以用在可数名词和不可数名词前面。
在使用some和any时，要注意它们在句子中的位置和重音。some 在一般情况下读作/sʌm/，而在流畅的话语中，尤其是当它后面跟随可数名词复数或不可数名词时，常常读作/s+m/，不重读。