Lesson 31 Where's Sally萨利在哪里?
课文详注 Further notes on the text
1．Where's =Where is。
2．She's sitting under the tree. 她正在树阴下坐着。
句中 is sitting 是现在进行时结构，这里是表示现在正在进行的动作。请参见本课语法部分。
3．What about the dog?那么狗呢？
这句话的意思是：What is the dog doing in the garden?为了避免重复原句中的主语和谓语动词，可以用 What about…?这个结构，用来询问情况。What a bout…?（……怎么样？）是英语口语中较常用的一个句式，也可以说 How about…?about 一词后面可跟人，也可跟物。通常在对话中，有上下文情况时使用，用于询问情况或征求别人意见。
4．run across,跑着穿过。
5．数字 200，000 与 1，000，000 的英文写法
200，000----two hundred thousand
1，000，000----one million
语法 Grammar in use
现在进行时（1）
（1）在英文中若想表达此刻正在进行的动作或事件，要用动词的现在进行时形式。现在进行时由 be 的现在时形式（am, is, are）+现在分词组成。如课文中的 She's sitting under the tree 和 He's climbing the tree 等句子均为现在进行时。对大多数动词来说，在动词后面直接加-ing 即可构成现在分词，如 doing, climbing。以-e 结尾的动词，要去掉-e，再加-ing，如 making。如果动词只有一个元音字母而其后跟了一个辅音字母时，则需将与辅音字母双写，再加-ing，如 running, sitting。
（2）疑问式：将用了现在进行时的句子变成一般疑问句时只需将助动词提前。如：
He's reading a magazine.
他正在看一本杂志。 ⇒
Is he reading a magazine?
他正在看一本杂志吗？
（3）否定式：现在进行时的否定式是将否定词 not 放在助动词之后。
如：
The dog is drinking its milk.
狗正在喝它的那份牛奶。 ⇒
The dog is not drinking its milk.
狗没在喝它的那份牛奶。
词汇学习 Word study
1．climb v.
（1）攀登，攀爬：
The children are always climbing trees. 孩子们总是在爬树。
He likes climbing mountains. 他喜欢爬山。
（2）逐步上升（增长）：
The temperature is climbing steadily. 温度正在慢慢地平稳上升。
The price of gold climbed back. 金价逐渐回升了。
（3）（在社会地位等方面）往上爬：
He is trying hard to climb to the top of the social ladder. 他正努力爬到社会的最顶层。
He has climbed to a very high position in his field. 他已在自己的领域中爬到了一个很高的位置。
2．run v.
（1）跑，奔跑：
He is running quickly. 他正飞快地跑着。
He runs a mile every morning to keep fit. 他天天早晨跑一英里步以保持身体健康。
（2）流动；流出：
The current is running strong. 水流湍急。
Her eyes ran with tears. 她落泪了。
（3）追赶；追逐：
The dog is running after a cat. 那只豿正在追赶一只猫。
Many young men are running after that girl. 许多年轻人在追求那个姑娘。
练习答案 Key to written exercises
Lesson 32
A
1 He is opening the window.
2 She is sharpening this pencil.
3 She is dusting the cupboard.
4 She is emptying the basket.
5 He is looking at the picture.
B
1 What is Mr. Richards doing?
Is he cleaning his teeth?
No, he isnt cleaning his teeth.
Hes opening the window.
2 What is my mother doing?
Is she shutting the door?
No, she isnt shutting the door.
Shes making the bed.
3 What is the dog doing?
Is it drinking its milk?
No, it isnt drinking its milk.
Its eating a bone.
4 What is my sister doing?
Is she reading a magazine?
No, she isnt reading a magazine.
Shes looking at a picture.
5 What is Emma doing?
Is she dusting the dressing table?
No, she isnt dusting the dressing table.
Shes cooking a meal.
6 What is Amy doing?
Is she making the bed?
No, she isnt making the bed.
Shes sweeping the floor.
7 What is Tim doing?
Is he reading a magazine?
No, he isnt reading a magazine.
Hes sharpening a pencil.
8 What is the girl doing?
Is she turning on the light?
No, she isnt turning on the light.
Shes turning off the tap.
9 What is the boy doing?
Is he cleaning his teeth?
No, he isnt cleaning his teeth.
Hes putting on his shirt.
10 What is Miss Jones doing?
Is she putting on her coat?
No, she isnt putting on her coat.
Shes taking off her coat.
现在进行时是英语中描述正在进行或发生的动作或事件的一种时态。它由助动词be（am, is, are）和现在分词（动词的-ing形式）组成。以下是现在进行时的一些详细用法和规则。
要构成现在进行时，需要将be动词的现在时形式与动词的现在分词形式结合。be动词的形式取决于主语的人称和数：
现在分词的构成规则如下：
要将现在进行时的句子变为一般疑问句，需要将助动词be提前至句首，并在句末加上问号。如果句子是肯定句，变为疑问句时通常需要在助动词后面加上not，形成am not/isn't/are not的缩写形式。例如：
现在进行时的否定句是在助动词be后面加上not。同样，如果句子是肯定句，变为否定句时使用am not/isn't/are not的缩写形式。例如：
现在进行时主要用于以下情况：
掌握现在进行时的构成、疑问句和否定句的变化规则，以及其在实际语境中的应用，对于提高英语水平和进行有效沟通非常重要。通过练习和应用这些语法知识，可以更自然地表达自己，并更好地理解他人的表达。