Lesson 115 Knock, Knock敲敲门
课文详注 Further notes on the text
1.Isn't there anyone at home? 家里没人吗？
anyone用于否定句及疑问句中。
试比较：There is someone at home.
2. Carol and Tom invited us to lunch. 卡罗尔和汤姆请我们来吃午饭。
句中的to是介词，后面跟名词lunch。
这句话还可以用动词不定式表示；Carol and Tom invited us to have lunch.
3. It's nice and warm out here. 外面挺暖和。
这里的 nice and 相当于 very，用于形容词及副词之前，表示肯定或加强语调的意思。例如：
It's nice and warm sitting by the fire. 坐在火边温暖舒适。
I didn't like the speech, but at least it was nice and short. 我不喜欢这次演讲，不过那倒是挺简短。
4. Come and have something to drink. 来喝点什么吧。
and 与动词原形连用，引出另外一个动作。例如：
Come and have tea with me. 来跟我一起喝杯茶吧。
You'll go and see her. 你去看看她。
5. There's none left. 一点都不剩了。
left 是 leave 的过去分词，修饰 none，表示“剩下的”，“没用完的”。
There's enough bread left，we don't have to buy more. 还有足够的面包，我们不必再买了。
语法 Grammar in use
不定代词
（1）every（每一），no（无），any（若干）及some（一些）可与one，thing构成复合代词，与where构成复合副词。不定代词可作主语、宾语和表语。
A作主语：
这些代词作主语时都作单数看待，因此使用单数谓语动词。
Everyone is asleep. 大家都睡了。
Everything is untidy. 一切都乱糟糟的。
Nobody has told me about it. 没有人告诉过我有关这件事的情况。
B作宾语：
I've got nothing to wear. 我没有穿的衣服了。
I've heard nothing. 我没听到什么动静。
I saw no one. 我谁也没有看到。
C作主语或表语：
There's nothing on the shelf. 架子上什么也没有。
There's somebody in the garden. 花园里有个人。
That's nothing. 那没什么。
（2）与some与any的用法一样，somebody/someone/ something/ somewhere一般用于肯定句； anybody/anyone/anything/ anywhere用于疑问句与否定句；nothing/nobody/no one/ nowhere相当于 not anything/anybody/anyone/anywhere:
Someone is asking to see you.
有人要求见你。
There's something under that chair!
那个椅子下有个什么东西！
I don't know anyone here.
这儿我谁也不熟悉。
Is there anything on this shelf?
这个架子上有什么东西吗？
I went nowhere.(=I didn't go anywhere.)
我哪儿也没去。
I saw no one.(=I didn't see anyone.)
我谁也没看到。
词汇学习 Word study
1．invite v.
（1）邀请：
We're inviting our colleagues to the party.
我们将邀请我们的同事参加这个聚会。
I hate people who invite themselves.
我讨厌不请自来的客人。
（2）请求；要求：
We invite readers' letters for this magazine.
本杂志欢迎读者来信。
The speaker paused, seeming to invite questions from the audience.
演讲者稍停了一下，似乎在期待听众们提出问题。
2．joke
（1）v.开玩笑：
She's only joking with you.
她只是在跟你开玩笑。
（2）v.取笑：
Aren't you joking me?
你不是在取笑我吧？
（3）n.玩笑；笑话：
The whole thing was a complete joke.
整件事完全是个笑话。
Don't get angry----it was only a joke!
别生气——那只是一个玩笑而已
| every | no | any | some | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| one | everyone | no one | anyone | someone |
| body | everybody | nobody | anybody | somebody |
| thing | everything | nothing | anything | something |
| where | everywhere | nowhere | anywhere | somewhere |
练习答案 Key to written exercises
Lesson 116
A
1 I did nothing.
2 I saw no one.
3 I went nowhere.
4 I met nobody.
B
1 No, I didn't hear anything. I heard nothing.
2 No, I didn' t speak to anyone. I spoke to nobody.
3 No,I didn't go anywhere. I went nowhere.
4 No, I didn't buy anything. I bought nothing.
5 No,I didn't write to anybody. I wrote to nobody.
6 No, I didn't meet anyone. I met no one.
C
1 Everyone's looking out of the window.
2 Everyone's hurrying to work.
3 Everyone's eating.
4 Everyone's drinking lemonade.
D
1 No, I haven't got anything to eat. I've got nothing to eat.
He's got something to eat.
2 No, I haven't got anything to do. I've got nothing to do.
They've got something to do.
3 No, I haven't got anything to drink. I've got nothing to drink.
She's got something to drink.
4 No, I haven't got anything to read. I've got nothing to read.
He's got something to read.
当不定代词如 "every," "no," "any," 和 "some" 与 "one," "thing," 或 "where" 结合成复合代词或副词时，它们作为句子的主语，并且通常被视为单数形式，因此谓语动词也要用单数形式。
Example:
不定代词也可以作为句子的宾语，位于动词之后。在这种情况下，它们可以指代任何可能的人、物、或概念。
Example:
不定代词还可以作为句子的主语或表语，特别是在存在句型中，表示某物或某人的存在。
Example:
肯定句: "some," "any," "something," "somebody," "someone," 和 "somewhere" 通常用于肯定句中，表示存在或可能性。
疑问句和否定句: "anybody," "anything," "anyone," 和 "anywhere" 通常用于疑问句和否定句中，询问或否认存在。
完全否定: "nothing," "nobody," "no one," 和 "nowhere" 用于完全否定的意义，相当于 "not anything," "not anybody," "not anyone," 和 "not anywhere."
正确理解和使用这些不定代词对于提高英语水平和进行有效沟通至关重要。通过练习和实际应用，可以更好地掌握它们的用法和含义。