Lesson 121 The man in a hat戴帽子的男士
课文详注 Further notes on the text
1．…but I forgot to take them with me.……但是我忘了拿走。
forget to do sth.表示“忘了做某事”，them指两本字典。
2．put it on,戴上它。
这里的 it指 a hat，以避免重复。 put on是“戴上”、“穿上”的意思。假如它的宾语是一个名词，这个名词可放在 put on之后，也可放在put和on之间。假如是代词，就必须放在put和on 之间。如：
Put on your coat./Put your coat on. 穿上外衣。但只能说：Put it on. 把它穿上。
语法 Grammar in use
定语从句
定语从句像形容词一样起修饰作用，但位于所修饰的名词之后。定语从句由关系代词引导，紧跟在它所修饰的成分后面。关系代词 who，whom与 that修饰人，which与 that修饰东西。关系代词指代从句的主语或宾语，同时又充当连接词，把从句和主句连接起来。请看例句：
（1）关系代词作从句的主语（who/which/that）：
The dog which/that is carrying the basket is mine.
叼着篮子的那只豿是我的。
He's the porter who/that carried my suitcase.
他就是那个扛着我的衣箱的搬运工。
（2）关系代词作从句的宾语（whom/that/which）：
They're the windows which/that the children broke yesterday.
这些就是孩子们昨天打坏的窗户。
She's the lady whom I served yesterday.
她就是我昨天服务过的那位女士。
词汇学习 Word study
1．recognize v.
（1）认出；熟悉：
I recognize him now. 我现在认出他来了。
Can you recognize this tune? 你能听出这支曲调吗？
（2）承认；确认：
I recognize that he is more capable than I am.
我承认他比我更有能力。
They recognized Richard as his lawful heir.
他们确认理查德为他的合法继续人。
Are British medical qualifications recognized in other European countries?
英国的医生执照在欧洲其他国家能否得到承认？
2．serve v.
（1）服务；接待；侍候：
Are you being served, sir?
先生，有人为您服务吗？
A young waiter served them.
一位年轻的侍者侍候他们进餐。
（2）供给；摆出（食物或饮料等）：
What time is breakfast served in this hotel?
这个饭店里什么时候供给早餐？
Serve it to the ladies first.
把它先端给女士们。
（3）为……服务／服役；任职：
The old cook has served the family for 30 years.
这位老厨师已为这家干了30年了。
He began to serve in the Navy in 1960.
他从1960年起开始在海军服役。
练习答案 Key to written exercises
Lesson 122
A
1 This is the car which the mechanic repaired yesterday.
2 He is the man whom I invited to the party.
3 These are the things which I bought yesterday.
4 He is the man who came here last week.
5 He is the policeman who caught the thieves.
6 She is the nurse who looked after me.
7 She is the woman whom I met at the party.
8 I am the person who wrote to you.
B
1 Who met him? That woman?
Yes, she's the woman who met him.
2 Who sat there? That man?
Yes, he's the man who sat there.
3 Who made it? That woman?
Yes, she's the woman who made it.
4 Who read it? That man?
Yes, he's the man who read it.
5 Who shut it? That man?
Yes, he's the man who shut it.
6 Who took it? That woman?
Yes, she's the woman who took it.
7 Who told me? That man?
Yes, he's the man who told me.
8 Who saw me? That woman?
Yes, she's the woman who saw me.
C
1 Whom did you see? That man?
Yes, he's the man whom I saw.
2 Whom did you telephone? That woman?
Yes, she's the woman whom I telephoned.
3 Whom did you invite? That man?
Yes, he's the man whom I invited.
4 Whom did you take to the cinema? That man?
Yes, he's the man whom I took to the cinema.
5 Whom did you find in the garden? That man?
Yes, he's the man whom I found in the garden.
6 Whom did you drive to London? That woman?
Yes, she's the woman whom I drove to London.
7 Whom did you hear? That woman?
Yes, she's the woman whom I heard.
8 Whom did you remember? That man?
Yes, he's the man whom I remembered.
定语从句是英语中的一种语法结构，它用来修饰名词或代词，提供额外的信息。这种从句通常跟在它所修饰的词后面，并由关系代词（如who, whom, which, that等）引导。关系代词在从句中担任主语或宾语，并且起到连接主句和从句的作用。下面我们将详细探讨定语从句的用法和结构。
当关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，它指代主句中的名词或代词，并且这个名词或代词是人、物或概念。
Example:
当关系代词在定语从句中作宾语时，它同样指代主句中的名词或代词，但这时它代替的是主句中的宾语部分。
Example:
定语从句总是紧跟在它所修饰的名词或代词之后。这个名词或代词被称为先行词。定语从句通过关系代词与先行词连接，为句子提供额外的描述信息。
选择关系代词时，需要考虑先行词是指代人还是指代物，以及关系代词在从句中的功能（主语还是宾语）。
非限定性定语从句提供关于先行词的额外信息，但这些信息并不是理解句子所必需的。非限定性定语从句通常由逗号与主句隔开，并且关系代词 "who," "which," 或 "whom" 引导。
Example:
限定性与非限定性定语从句：限定性定语从句是对先行词进行限定或指定，而非限定性定语从句则提供额外的、非必要的信息。限定性定语从句不使用逗号隔开，而非限定性定语从句则需要用逗号隔开。
逗号的使用：如你所述，当定语从句是非限定性的时，应在定语从句前后使用逗号。例如：
关系代词的使用：在非限定性定语从句中，通常使用"who," "which," 或 "whom" 作为关系代词，而不是 "that"。这是因为"that"通常用于限定性定语从句中。例如：
避免歧义：在使用定语从句时，要注意避免可能的歧义。确保定语从句清晰地修饰了正确的先行词。
句子的平衡：长句子可能包含多个定语从句，要注意保持句子的平衡和可读性。必要时，可以使用分号或将句子拆分为几个较短的句子。
时态一致性：定语从句中的动词时态应与主句中的谓语动词时态保持一致，除非从句描述的是一个普遍真理或过去的事实。
通过注意这些事项，你可以有效地使用定语从句来丰富你的语言表达，同时确保句子的准确性和清晰性。