Lesson 123 A trip to Australia澳大利亚之行
课文详注 Further notes on the text
1．What a beautiful ship!多漂亮的轮船啊！
what引导的感叹句通常是由 What + a（n）+形容词+名词构成的。
2．That's right.对。
这句是对上面附加疑问句的回答。上面一句虽用否定形式提问，但回答则根据事实来决定是用肯定或是否定形式。That's right是肯定的回答，相当于Yes, it is（那正是我）。
3．grow a beard,留胡子。
4．shave it off,把胡子刮掉。 it指 a beard。
5．定语成分
standing behind the counter和 repairing the road是现在分词短语，作后置定语，分别修饰 The man, The woman和The men。
I served yesterday 和I saw yesterday 是定语从句，分别修饰the man, the woman和the men。此处关系代词 whom省略了。
I bought yesterday和I found in the garden是定语从句，分别修饰 the book, the books和 the kitten。关系代词 which或 that 省略了。
语法 Grammar in use
定语从句中的省略.
当关系代词代表主语并且从句中的谓语动词是（现在）进行时态时，关系代词及助动词be均可省略。假如关系代词在从句中代表宾语，则往往可以省略。此外，定语从句可用介词结尾。
请分别看以下的例句：
The woman standing behind the counter served me.
站在柜台后边的那位妇女为我服务／招待了我。
This is the book I bought yesterday.
这就是我昨天买的那本书。
The man I served was wearing a hat.
我招待过的那个人当时戴着一顶帽子。
That's the ship we travelled on.
那就是我们旅行时乘的船。
That's the man I told you about.
那就是我告诉过你有关情况的那个人。
词汇学习 Word study
1．travel v.
（1）旅行；游历：
He said that if he had a lot of money he would travel around the world.
他说，假如他有很多钱的话，他将会周游全世界。
（2）行进；（被）传送：
Light travels faster than sound at the speed of 300,000 kilometres per second.
光速比声速要快，为每秒钟30万公里。
The news didn't travel as fast as we had expected.
这消息传播得不如我们所预料得那样快。
2．offer v.
（1）（主动）给予；提供：
He is offered a job in Canada.
有人提供给他一份在加拿大的工作。
We offered some coffee to the guests.
我们为客人们提供了咖啡。
（2）提出；出（价）：
Do you have any good suggestions to offer?
你能否提供一些好的建议？
I'll offer you ￡ 30,000 for the house.
这所房子我愿出3万英镑买下来。
（3）（主动）表示愿意，提议：
He offered to help me with my research paper.
他表示愿意帮助我一起做我的研究论文。
‘I could lend you some books,’Jane offered.
“我可以借你一些书，”简自告奋勇地提议。
3．grow v.
（1）生长；成长：
His hair has grown too long.
他的头发长得太长了。
The trees have grown rapidly.
树木生长得快。
（2）使生长；留（须发）：
He grew a beard during the trip.
他在旅行时留了胡子。
We grew a lot of roses in our garden.
我们在自己的花园里种植了大量的玫瑰花。
练习答案 Key to written exercises
Lesson 124
A
1 She is the woman I drove to London.
2 That's the film I saw.
3 That's the man I spoke to.
4 They are the thieves the police caught.
5 These are the letters I typed.
6 These are the people you asked me about.
B
1 Which man? That man?
Yes, that's the man I saw yesterday.
2 Which car? That car?
Yes, that's the car I repaired yesterday.
3 Which woman? That woman?
Yes, that's the woman I drove to London yesterday.
4 Which umbrella? That umbrella?
Yes, that's the umbrella I bought yesterday.
5 Which medicine ?That medicine?
Yes , that's the medicine I took yesterday.
6 Which man? That man?
Yes, that's the man I invited to my house yesterday.
C
1 That's right. This is the village I wrote to you about.
2 That's right. He is the person I have heard about.
3 That's right. This is the test I spoke to you about.
4 That's right. She is the woman I read about.
5 That's right. This is something(new) I haven't thought about.
6 That's right. This is something I must decide about.
定语从句中的省略是一种语法现象，它允许我们在某些情况下省略关系代词和助动词，从而使句子更加简洁。这种省略主要发生在以下两种情况：
当关系代词在从句中作为主语，并且从句的谓语动词是进行时态时，关系代词（who, which, that）和助动词be（am, is, are）可以被省略。这是因为进行时态的谓语动词已经包含了be的形式，所以关系代词和助动词be在句子中的功能变得多余。
Example:
在这个例句中，关系代词who和助动词is被省略，因为standing已经表明了进行时态，所以who和is不需要。
当关系代词在从句中作为宾语时，如果前面有介词，那么关系代词可以被省略。这种省略通常发生在介词+关系代词的结构中，尤其是在非正式语境中。
Example:
在这个例句中，关系代词that作为bought的宾语，可以被省略，因为前面有介词I，所以that不需要。
在某些情况下，定语从句可以以介词结尾，这通常发生在关系代词是宾语，并且前面有介词的情况下。这种结构在口语和非正式写作中很常见。
Example:
在这个例句中，介词about后面省略了关系代词him，因为him作为told的宾语，所以可以省略。
通过理解和掌握定语从句中的省略规则，我们可以更加灵活地使用英语，使我们的表达更加自然和流畅。这种省略不仅可以使句子更加简洁，还可以避免不必要的重复，提高语言的效率。