Lesson 4 An exciting trip 

【New words and expressions】(6) 

exciting adj. 令人兴奋的

receive v. 接受,收到

firm n. 商行,公司

different adj. 不同的

centre n. 中心

abroad adv. 在国外

★exciting adj. 令人兴奋的

exciting adj. 令人兴奋的;excited adj. 兴奋的

-ed: 自己感到 / -ing:令人感到

The news exciting.

exciting boy 令人兴奋的男孩

I am excited.

excite v. 激动 (这类动词的宾语一定是人,让后面的人感到……)

The news excited me.

interesting adj. 令人感到有趣的;interested adj. 感到有意思的

interesting man

The man is interesting.

interest v. 对……感兴趣

The book interests me. 那本书让我感到很有趣

★receive v. 接受, 收到

① vt. 接到,收到,得到

When did you receive that letter?

② vt. 招待,接待

You need a large room if you are going to receive so many guests.

receive是“收到”,指的是一个被动的动作,主观上接受与否不清楚。

receive/have a letter from sb.

accept 同意接收

This morning I received a bunch of flowers from a boy,but I didn't accept it.

take则是主动的“拿”、“取”

I received a beautiful pen from my uncle. My brother took it from me yesterday.

take 也可以作收到 

take the exam 接受考试; take advice 接受建议

★firm n. 商行, 公司

company n. 公司

★different adj. 不同的

① adj. 不同的,相异的(经常与from连用)

We are planning something different this year. 我们今年有不同的打算。

My room is different from yours.

② adj. 各种各样的,不同的

This department store sells a large number of different things.

这家百货商店出售许多各种各样的东西。

He has visited many different places in China. 他去过中国的不少地方。

★abroad adv. 在国外(副词, 直接和动词连用)

go abroad 去国外

live abroad 国外定居

study abroad 国外学习

【Text】

I have just received a letter from my brother, Tim. He is in Australia. He has been there for six months. Tim is an engineer. He is working for a big firm and he has already visited a great number of different places in Australia. He has just bought an Australian car and has gone to Alice springs, a small town in the centre of Australia. He will soon visit Darwin. From there, he will fly to Perth. My brother has never been abroad before, so he is finding this trip very exciting.

参考译文

我刚刚收到弟弟蒂姆的来信, 他正在澳大利亚. 他在那儿已经住了6个月了. 蒂姆是个工程师, 正在一家大公司工作, 并且已经去过澳大利亚的不少地方了. 他刚买了一辆澳大利亚小汽车, 现在去了澳大利亚中部的小镇艾利斯斯普林斯. 他不久还将到达达尔文去, 从那里, 他再飞往珀斯. 我弟弟以前从未出过国, 因此, 他觉得这次旅行非常激动人心. 

【课文讲解】

1、I have just received a letter from my brother, Tim.

同位语:一个名词(或短语等)与另一个名词(或短语)并列而作为其说明或限定成分时称为同位语。同位语与它所补充说明的成分之间用逗号隔开。

在译成汉语时,同位语或者插入主句中,或者另译为一句,很少像英语中那样用逗号隔开。

This is John, one of my best friends. 这位是约翰。他是我最好的朋友之一。

Mrs. Smith, my neighbore, has never been abroad. 我的邻居史密斯夫人从来没有出过国。

2、He has been there for six months.

one month;two months 注意读音

I have arrived in Beijing. (arrive 是瞬间动词不能和段时间连用)

has been + in 地点

He has been in Beijing for one year.

He has been in America for tow years.

3、He is working for a big firm and he has already visited a great number of different places in Australia.

work for 在……上班/任职,强调work

I am working for a school.

work in 强调地点(在哪个地方上班) 

I am working in the New Oriental school.

work at 上班

She works at a department store.

a number of后面一定要加可数名词复数;通常number前有great,large,good,small,certain等形容词,数量大小也随之改变。a great number of 类似于, 约等于a lot of;

A large/great number of our students are Danish.

There are a small number of spelling mistakes in your homework.

a lot of 可加可数名词也可加不可数名词

I have a lot of friends

I have a great number of friends.

4、He has just bought an Australian car and has gone to Alice springs, a small town in the centre of Australia. 

has gone to 去了某地没回来

has been to 曾经去过某地, 现在不在那个地方

Have you been to Paris?

5、From there, he will fly to Perth.

from there:从那地方起

from 即可以加时间又可以加地点

from half past 8 to half past 11

from Beijing to Tianjing

fly to Perth = go to Perth by air

6、My brother has never been abroad before, so he is fending this trip very exciting.

before在句子后是副词, 译为“在此之前”,是现在完成时态的标志

find作“发现”、“发觉”讲时宾语往往带补足语(一般为形容词),说明宾语的状况、性质等。

find +宾语+形容词做宾补 

find the room clean

find her happy

be finding在口语中经常使用 

I'm finding... . . We’re finding... ... 

下面表示状态、感觉、情绪、精神活动的动词不可用于进行时:believe,doubt,see,hear,know,understand,belong,think,consider,feel,look,seem,show,mind,have,sound,taste,require,possess,care,like,hate,love,detest,desire

【Key structures】 

现在完成时

现在完成时表示动作现存的结果,或者过去发生的事对现在的影响。常与现在完成时连用的副词和副词短语:before (now)(以前);

it’s the first tiem(第一次);

so for(到目前为止);

so far this morning(到上午为止);

up to now(直到现在);

up to the present(直到目前);

just(刚刚);

recently(最近);

already(已经);

lately(最近);

now(现在);

for 一段时间;

since+时间;

still(还;仍);

at last(终于);

finally(最终);

疑问句和否定句中常用

ever,yet,never,not…ever等。

I’ve planted fourteen rose bushes so far this morning.

I have lived here for several years now and I’ve made many new friends since I have lived here.

现在完成时还可和表示频度的副词连用,表示反复和习惯性动作,如often(经常),frequently(屡次),three times(三次)等。

I’ve watched him on TV several times.

【Multiple choice questions】

3 Tim is in Australia. He went ___a___ Australia six months ago.

a. to b. in c. at d. into

at… 表示位置 (be at是典型表示位置的介词短语)

go to… 只要有to这个感念, 它的后面一定要有宾语, go to the theater

go in… (in 做副词)很少加宾语 He went in.

go into… 有去向的动作, 还有进入的动作 go into the room

move常用的意义是“动”、“移动”,在表达“搬家”这个意思时move可以单独使用,也可组成短语move to,move into,move in,move out。

move in:搬进来

move to the new house:正在搬

move into :搬进去了

move out 搬走

Jack has moved out. John will move in the day after tomorrow.

4 Tim is in Australia. How long ___b___ there?

a. is he b. has he been c. has he d. was he

how long...对段时间提问, 跟现在完成时相连

11 He will soon visit Darwin. He will visit Darwin_c_. 

a. quickly b. for a short time c. shortly d. in a hurry

quickly 指的是动作上的快

He went quickly . 

for a short time 不久, 表示动作延续一段时间

soon = shortly 不久以后, 表示在这段时间之后,强调的是时间上的快

in a hurry:匆忙的(指动作)

【语法 Grammar in use】

1.现在完成时与现在进行时

现在完成时的时间概念有时是不确定的。(cf. 第1册第83~88课)我们所关心的是现存的结果,或者过去发生的事对现在的影响。现在完成时不能和明确表示过去的副词(如ago, yesterday等)连用。经常和现在完成时连用的副词和副词短语有:

before(now)(〈在此〉以前);

so far(到目前为止);

up to now (直到现在);

just(刚刚);

already(已经);

lately(最近);

now(现在);

疑问句和否定句中常用ever, yet, never, not… ever等。现在进行时经常用于表示在短期内正在进行的动作或存在的情况,因此往往不需要和时间状语连用。试比较:

2.同位语 (Appositives)

一个名词(或短语等)与另一个名词(或短语)并列而作为其说明或限定成分时称为同位语。同位语与它所补充说明的成分之间用逗号隔开。课文中有两句话含有同位语:

I have just received a letter from my brother, Tim.

我刚刚收到弟弟蒂姆的来信。

(Tim是my brother的同位语。它们指的是同一个人。Tim用来补充说明my brother的名字)

He has just bought an Australian car and has gone to Alice Springs, a small town in the centre of Australia.

他刚买了一辆澳大利亚小汽车,现在去了澳大利亚中部的小镇艾利斯斯普林斯。

在这句话中 a small town in the centre of Australia是Alice Springs的同位语,补充说明这是个多大的镇子,在什么地方。

在译成汉语时,同位语或者插入主句中,或者另译为一句,很少像英语中那样用逗号隔开。请参阅课文中两个句子的译文。同位语如果太长,可以另译为一句。如课文中第二个例句的后半部分可以译为:“现在去了艾利斯斯普林斯。这是澳大利亚中部的一个小镇。”

同位语的其他例子如:

This is John, one of my best friends.

这位是约翰。他是我最好的朋友之一。

Mrs. Smith, my neighbour, has never been abroad.

我的邻居史密斯夫人从来没有出过国。


1. 现在完成时与现在进行时

现在完成时 表示从过去某一时间点开始,一直延续到现在的动作或状态,或者强调过去发生的动作对现在有影响或结果。它的时间概念不具体,更关注的是现存的结果或影响。现在完成时不与明确表示过去的时间状语(如“yesterday”、“two days ago”等)连用,而是常与以下副词和副词短语连用:

现在进行时 通常用于描述正在进行的短期动作或状态,它强调的是动作或状态的暂时性和正在进行的特点。现在进行时往往不需要与具体的时间状语连用,因为它本身就暗示了动作正在进行。

2. 同位语 (Appositives)

同位语是一个名词或名词短语,它与另一个名词或名词短语并列,用来作为补充说明或限定。同位语与其所补充的名词之间通常用逗号隔开。

例如:

在汉语中,同位语可以插入主句中或另译为一句,而不总是像英语那样用逗号隔开。如果同位语较长,可以单独翻译成一句。

其他同位语的例子包括:

通过理解现在完成时和现在进行时的区别,以及同位语的用法,我们可以更准确地表达英语中的时态和语义关系,从而提高语言的准确性和表达的清晰度。