Lesson 8 The best and the worst 

【New words and expressions】(5) 

competition n. 比赛,竞赛

neat adj. 整齐的,整洁的

path n. 小路,小径

wooden adj. 木头的

pool n. 水池

competition n. 比赛,竞赛(暗地里的竞争)

race n. 比赛,竞赛

car race

match n. 比赛

football match

contest n. 比赛(更广泛)

baby contest 宝宝大赛;beauty contest 选美

game : 游戏, 运动

neat adj. 整齐的, 整洁的,井井有条

clean adj. 干净的

neat=tidy <adj.> 

tidy <v.> (up) the room 整理房间

★pool n. 水池(人工的) 

swimming pool 游泳池

pond 池塘(天然的) 

《golden pond》—金色池塘

Text

Joe Sanders has the most beautiful garden in our town. Nearly everybody enters for 'The Nicest Garden Competition' each year, but Joe wins every time. Bill Frith's garden is larger than Joe's. Bill works harder than Joe and grows more flowers and vegetables, but Joe's garden is more interesting. He has made neat paths and has built a wooden bridge over a pool. I like gardens too, but I do not like hard work. Every year I enter for the garden competition too, and I always win a little prize for the worst garden in the town!

参考译文

乔.桑德斯拥有我们镇上最漂亮的花园. 几乎每个人都参加每年举办的 “最佳花园竞赛” , 而每次都是乔获胜. 比尔.弗里斯的花园比乔的花园大, 他比乔也更为勤奋, 种植的花卉和蔬菜也更多, 但乔的花园更富有情趣. 他修筑了一条条整洁的小路, 并在一个池塘上架了一座小木桥. 我也喜欢花园, 但我却不愿意辛勤劳动. 每年的花园竞赛我也参加, 但总因是镇上最劣的花园而获得一个小奖! 

【课文讲解】

1、Joe Sanders has the most beautiful garden in our town.

Joe's garden is the most beautiful.

Bill's garden is the largest.

Bill’s garden is larger than Joe’s. 

(比较的东西都是同类的事物 joe’s 的“’s”不能省略)

2、Nearly everybody enters for 'The Nicest Garden Competition' each year, but Joe wins every time.

nearly和almost意义相似,表示“几乎”、“差不多”、“差点儿”的意思。

I have nearly forgotten his name. 我差点把他的名字忘了。

I’m nearly/almost ready. 我快准备好了。

enter for 报名参加(各种竞赛,考试等活动)

win(won,won) v. 赢 

① vi. 赢

I win. 

I lose. (输了)

② vt. 赢得……

win something 后面往往是奖品,不能接对手

I win the book. 

I win the gold cup.

win a prize 赢得了一个奖

win a prize for… 因为……而获奖

defeat+对手 

I defeat you.

3、Bill Frith's garden is larger than Joe's.

名词加-’s表示所属关系,构成名词的所有格。这类名词往往指有生命的东西,特别是人。所有格的语法作用相当于形容词,限定后面的名词。这个被限定的名词在上下文中第二次被提到时可以省略,只要不引起误解。

4、He has made neat paths and has built a wooden bridge over a pool.

make和build在这里是同义词,“修建,建造”。make的词义比较笼统、广泛,可解释为“做、作出、制造”等,而build主要限于建筑业,指“建造,建设,盖房子,修筑(桥梁)等”

Have you made the skirt by yourself?

They have made a road along the river.

【Key structures】 

形容词和副词的比较级和最高级

比较级相当于汉语中“比……更……”这种句型,最高级则表示在某个范围“最……”的概念。最高级在使用时前面通常要加定冠词the,并有一个短语或从句限定其范围。

1、比较级和最高级的构成:

① 单音节词和少数双音节词在词尾加-er,-est,以辅音加-y结尾的词变-y为-i,再加-er,-est

② 以-e结尾的词加-r,-st

③ 以一个辅音字母结尾的单音节词要双写最后一个字母,再加-er,-est

④ 三个或者是三个音节以上(多音节)

比较级的构成 : more+原级 

最高级的构成 : the most+原级

有一些双音节词既可在单词结尾加-er,-est,也可与more/less和most/least连用,如narrow,clever,common,pleasant等。

clever— cleverer— more clever

fun adj. 快乐 

more fun (美国人用)

⑤ 有些构成是不规则的:

good/well(better best);

bad/ill(worse worst);

many/much(more most);

little(less least);

far(farther further , farthest furthest)

(farther:距离上的远和更远,further:程度上的更进一步)

further more(更有甚者)

old(older elder, oldest eldest)

older 比……大 

She is older than somebody

elder 做定语修饰其他名词 

elder sister (年长的)姐姐

2、比较级和最高级的用法

在使用比较级时,如果需要把所比较的两项都提到,那么就必须比较级后用than:

My room is cleaner than the one next door.

如果比较级之所指很清楚,它可独立存在:

Which house do you prefer?

I prefer the older one.

最高级的限定范围一般用of,among,in等介词短语;限定范围也可以是从句;如果范围很清楚,则可以省略。

John is the tallest of the three brother.

This is the coldest day in ten years.

Mary is the most intelligent person I’ve ever met.

【Special Difficulties】 

every构成的合成词

every和one,body,thing可以构成复合不定代词everyone,everybody,everything。

Everyone和everybody一般可以替换使用,后面的代词既可以用单数,也可以用复数,但它们本身均被视为单数。

Everyone/Everybody knows what he has to do.

=Everyone/Everybody knows what they have to do. 每个人都知道自己必须做什么。

Everything is going well. 一切都很顺利。

each和every均可译为“每一个”,两者常可互换。every只能是形容词性,强调整体,常用来指一个大的、不确定的数目,不能直接做主语;

each既可作形容词,又可作代词,强调个体,常用以一个确定的并通常是有限的数目,在作代词时,直接作主语或宾语,使用第三人称单数

Every/Each time I wash the car it rains.

Enter and Enter for

enter

① vt.&vi. 进入

enter+地点名词

Always knock on the door before you enter.

② vt.&vi. 参加,加入

We’ve entered into an agreement. 我们已达成一项协议。

He soon entered their conversation.

enter for+表示比赛、竞赛、考试的名词 报名参加, 强调报名 

enter for the exam

She entered (her name/herself) for the mathematics competition. 她报名参加数学竞赛。

take part in 真正的参加

2 Will you enter ___for___ this week's crossword competition?

crossward 文字游戏

3 Many athletes have entered ___for___ the Olympic Games this year.

athletes = sportsman 运动员, 体育家

【Multiple choice questions】

3 Bill Frith's garden is larger than Joe's. It is ___b___ .

a. larger garden b. a large garden c. large garden d. largest garden

6 The writer is fond of gardens. ___c___ .

a. They like him b. They like to him c. He likes them d. He likes

be fond of=like

I like sth./ I love sth./ I enjoy sth./I am fond of sth.

8 Joe wins every time. He always ___b___ Bill Frith.

a. wins b. beats c. gains d. earns

对手关系不能用win

defeat v. 击败 

defeat sb.

beat v. 打败;打

gain =get sth.

earn vt. 挣得 

earn money

9 Joe grows more flowers. More flowers ___a___ in his garden.

a. grow b. grow tall c. grow up d. grow big

grow vt. 种植: grow sth; grow flowers… 

vi. 生长: sth. grow; flowers are growing 

grow tall/grow big 变得……(一般不加形容词)

grow up 只和人连用, 表示人的长大(up adv.表示向上)

10 Joe's garden is interesting. Joe is ___d___ in gardening.

a. interesting b. interest c. interestingly d. interested

sth. is interesting ……是令人感兴趣的

be interested in… 对……感兴趣

11 The writer doesn't like hard work. It's ___b___ to look after a garden.

a. a hard work b. a hard job c. hard job d. hardly a job

it 作形式主语; 真正的主语是to look after the garden

hard work 繁重的工作

work不可数名词;job可数名词

hardly adv.几乎不

Have you understood me?

Sorry, I have hardly understood you.

12 Every year the writer enters for the garden competition ___b___ .

a. very b. also c. and d. either

very 不单独使用;and并列连词, 不放在句子末尾;either也, 表否定

also 表示也, 可以放在句子末尾;often 可以放在句子末尾

【语法 Grammar in use】

形容词和副词的比较级和最高级

在英语中形容词和副词一般可以有比较级和最高级。比较级相当于汉语中“比……更……”这种句型,最高级则表示在某个范围“最……”的概念。最高级在使用时前面通常要加定冠词the,并有一个短语或从句限定其范围。

(1)比较级和最高级的构成

单音节词和少数双音节词(如以辅音+-y结尾的词)在词尾加-er, -est,以辅音+-y结尾的词要先将-y变成-i,再在词尾加上-er, -est:

hard----harder----hardest small----smaller----smallest

young----younger----youngest lean----cleaner----cleanest

busy----busier----busiest

以-e结尾的词加-r和-st:

large----larger----largest 

nice----nicer----nicest

以一个辅音字母结尾的单音节词要双写最后一个字母,然后再加-er, -ext:

big----bigger----biggest 

thin----thinner----thinnest

有一些双音节词在构成比较级和最高级形式时,既可以在单词结尾处加-er和-est,也可与more/ less和most/ least连用。如narrow, clever, common, pleasant 等。但如无把握时,双音节词用more和most则较为可靠。两个音节以上的单词如下:

interesting----more interesting----most interesting

有些形容词和副词的比较级和最高级的构成并不规则

good/ well----better----best 

bad/ ill----worse----worst

many/ much----more----most 

little----less----leas

old----older/ older----oldest/ eldest

far----farther/ further----farthest/ furthest

(2)在使用比较级时,如果需要把所比较的两项都提到,那么就必须在比较级后用than:

I know him better than you do.

我比你了解他。

Jane's hair is darker than Mary's.

简的头发比玛丽的黑。

My room is cleaner than the one next door.

我的房间比隔壁房间干净。

如果比较级之所指很清楚,它可独立存在。

(3)最高级的限定范围一般用of, among, in等介词短语:

John is the tallest of the three brothers.

这3个兄弟中约翰个子最高。

This is the coldest day in ten years.

这是10年来最冷的一天。

限定范围也可以是从句:

Mary is the most intelligent person I've ever met.

玛丽是我所遇到的最聪明的人。

如果范围很清楚,则可以省略:

April is the best season.

4月是最好的季节。(暗含范围“一年中”)

He is always the best.

他总是最优秀的。(暗含范围“在我们当中”)



原级 比较级 最高级
good / well better best
bad / ill / badly worse worst
many / much more most
little less least
far farther / further farthest / furthest
old older / elder oldest / eldest
late later / latter latest / last
near nearer nearest
easy easier easiest
happy happier happiest
heavy heavier heaviest
busy busier busiest
early earlier earliest
clever cleverer / more clever cleverest / most clever
friendly friendlier / more friendly friendliest / most friendly
often oftener / more often oftenest / most often
soon sooner soonest
fast faster fastest
hard harder hardest



形容词和副词的比较级和最高级

在英语中,形容词和副词可以通过比较级和最高级形式来表达事物之间的差异和等级。比较级用于比较两者之间的差异,而最高级用于表达三者或三者以上中的最突出者。

1. 比较级和最高级的构成

2. 比较级的使用

当需要明确比较两项时,使用“than”来连接。例如:

如果比较的对象很清楚,则比较级可以独立存在。例如:

3. 最高级的限定范围

最高级通常与定冠词the连用,并且需要介词短语或从句来限定范围。例如:

限定范围的表达也可以使用从句。例如:

如果范围已经很清楚,则可以省略介词短语。例如:

通过掌握形容词和副词的比较级和最高级的构成及使用,我们可以更准确地描述事物的特征和它们之间的关系,从而丰富我们的语言表达和提高沟通的效率。