Lesson 9 A cold welcome
【New words and expressions】（7）
welcome n. 欢迎；v. 欢迎
crowd n. 人群
gather v. 聚集
hand n. （表或机器的）指针
shout v. 喊叫
refuse v. 拒绝
laugh v. 笑
★welcome n. 欢迎；v. 欢迎
① n. 欢迎
a cold welcome 冷遇
② v. 欢迎
welcome to+地点
welcome to China；
welcome to my home；
welcome home；
welcome back
③ adj. 受欢迎的
You are welcome.
You are welcome to+地点
★crowd n. 人群
① n. 人群
in the crowd 在人群中
I spotted him in the crowd. 我在人群中一眼就认出了他
a crowd of people 一群人，没有次序的人群, 拥挤的人群
a group of people 一群人，有次序的人群
② v.拥挤, 挤满
a large crowd of people 一大群人
crowds of people 许多人, 人山人海
★gather v. 聚集
① vt. 使集拢，集合，召集
He gathered a large crowd of people round him.
② vt 收集，采集，收（庄稼等）
The children are out in the field gathering flowers. 孩子们在外面地里采花。
It has taken me a lifetime to gather all these books.
收集所有这些书花了我一辈子的时间。
③ vi. 集拢，聚集，集合
They gathered under the Town Hall clock.
people gathered 人们聚集在一起, 尤指自发性的聚集
★hand n. (表或机器的)指针；手
minute hand；
second hand；
hour hand
second hand 二手的，旧的，秒针
wait me a moment/wait me a few seconds(for a few secs.) （secs.是seconds的缩写）
★refuse v. 拒绝
① vt. 拒绝（接受、服从等）
She refused the gift.
② vt. 拒不，不肯，不愿
John refused to change his mind. 约翰拒不改变主意。
③ vi. 拒绝，不接受
I offered to pay him for his help, but he refused.
对于他的帮助我提出给他报酬，但他拒绝了。
★shout v. 喊叫
call out 大声喊叫
cry out 大声哭喊
scream 尖叫
【Text】
On Wednesday evening, we went to the Town Hall. It was the last day of the year and a large crowd of people had gathered under the Town Hall clock. It would strike twelve in twenty minutes' time. Fifteen minutes passed and then, at five to twelve, the clock stopped. The big minute hand did not move. We waited and waited, but nothing happened. Suddenly someone shouted. 'It's two minutes past twelve! The clock has stopped!' I looked at my watch. It was true. The big clock refused to welcome the New Year. At that moment, everybody began to laugh and sing.
参考译文
星期三的晚上, 我们去了市政厅. 那是一年的最后一天, 一大群人聚集在市政厅的大钟下面. 再过20分钟, 大钟将敲响12下. 15分钟过去了, 而就在11点55分时, 大钟停了. 那根巨大的分针不动了. 我们等啊等啊, 可情况没有变化. 突然有人喊道 : “已经12点零2分了!那钟已经停了!” 我看了一下我的手表, 果真如此. 那座大钟不愿意迎接新年. 此时, 大家已经笑了起来, 同时唱起了歌.
【课文讲解】
1、A cold welcome 冷遇
cold adj. 冷的, 寒冷的, 冷淡的
cold fish 冷漠的人
My brother is a cold fish.
lucky dog 幸运的人
What does "a cold welcome" refer to ? （refer to 指……）
2、On Wednesday evening, we went to the Town Hall.
morning，afternoon，evening前如果加修饰词则用介词on，否则用in
Town Hall 市政厅
3、It was the last day of the year and a large crowd of people had gathered under the Town Hall clock.
the last day of the year 一年中的最后一天
a large crowd of the people 一大群人
4、It would strike twelve in twenty minutes' time.
★strike v. 打，击；敲，弹（钟，乐器等）
① v. 打，击
She struck the man in the face.
② v. 敲，弹（钟，乐器等）
strike the clock （人）敲钟
clock strike 钟自己响
Listen, the clock is striking.
strike twelve 数字表示敲击的次数
minutes'名词所有格，用来表达时间
名词所有格表示时间或距离
It will leave in five minutes'time.
in twenty(minutes'time)名词所有格可省略
an hour's time
How far is the school from here?
3 minutes' walk. 三分钟路程。
5、Fifteen minutes passed and then, at five to twelve, the clock stopped.
… minutes pass … 几点过几分（前半小时，pass过了）
25 minutes passed eight
… minutes to … 几点过几分（后半小时，to还没到）
a quarter to nine/15 minutes to nine
时刻指点时间, 时间指段时间。时刻前的介词用at
…(some time) passed and then, sth. happened ……时间过去了，……
An hour passed and then, he arrived. 一个小时过去了，他终于来了。
…minutes later几分钟以后
6、We waited and waited, but nothing happened.
waited and waited 等啊等啊, 强调动作的重复（walked and walked；run and run）
happen vi.事情做主语, 事情发生
What happened?
Nothing happened.
7、It was true.
It was true that+从句 ……是一个事实
8、The big clock refused to welcome the New Year.
refuse to do sth. 拒绝去做某事
I refuse to leave. 我拒绝离开
I refuse to move. 我拒绝移动
9、At that moment, everybody began to laugh and sing.
at that moment = just then 就在那时
at the moment = now 现在, 此刻, 在此时
【Key structures】
引导时间状语的介词in/on/at/during/till与until
1、用in的时间短语有：
① 表示一天中的某段时间：
in the morning；
in the afternoon；
in the evening
② 表示周、月份、年份：
in a week；
in January；
in Feb；
in 1992
③ 表示季节：
in summer；
in spring；
in autumn；
in winter
in+表示时间长度的短语可以表示“在某段时间之内”，这时可以与现在时、过去时或将来时连用，一般与完成某动作有关；还可译为“……时间之后”，一般与将来时连用。根据时态判别in 表示的含义
in twenty minutes' time 20分钟之后
We will finish class in half an hour.
2、用on的时间短语有：
① 表示星期：
on Monday；
on Friday
② 表示日期：
on June 1st；
on 23rd March
（在书写日期时没有冠词，但在口语中则分别读为：
on June the first；
on the 23rd of March）
③ 表示星期+日期：on Monday, June 1st
④ 表示具体时间：
on Wednesday evening；
on fine afternoon；
on that day
3、用at的时间短语有：
① 表示确切的时间：
at five to twelve；
at ten o'clock
② 表示用餐时间：
at lunch/dinner time；
at teatime
③ 表示其他时刻：
at night；
at noon；
at midnight；
at that time
4、during在……期间，后必须跟一个名词，可以指整个一段时间，有时可以用in替代
He has phoned four times during the last half hour.
I met him sometime during the week.（不能用in代替） 我是在这一周的某天遇到他的。
during the holiday 强调假期的从头到尾
He enjoyed himself during his holiday.
in the holiday 强调这段时间其中某一点时间, 并不表示自始至终
I was caught in an accident in the holiday.
5、from…till… 指一段明确的时间：
The tourist season runs from June till October.
6、until prep.&coin. 直到……时候，直到什么时候为止, 直到什么时候才
until主句和从句两个都用一般过去时对(最习惯的一种用法), 主句和从句任何一个用过去完成是也对
I can't enter for the sports meeting until tomorrow.
I had not understood the problem until he explained it.
We hadn't disturbed him until he finished work.
We didn't disturb him until he had finished work.
We didn't disturb him until he finished work.(更习惯于这种用法)
7、from…to…
Everyday we have English class from 8:30 to 11:30
关于时间表示方法 : What’s the time?/What time is it?
A整点 : A o’clock
A点B分（B<30）: A B / B past A
A点15分 : A fifteen / fifteen past A / a quarter past A
A点30分 : A thirty / half past A
A点B分(B>30) : A B / (60-B) to (A+1)
A点45分 : A forty-five / a quarter to (A+1) / fifteen to (A+1)
【Special Difficulties】
Any，Not...Any，No
any 用于否定句和疑问句中, some用于肯定句(或要求得到肯定回答的疑问句)
Do you have any friends?
I don't have any friends.
not 用在非实义动词后面, 实义动词前面.
not any=no <adj.>用在名词前面，no比not any的语气要强，但这两种否定的意义是相同的。
I have no friends.
no可构成复合词nobody，none，nothing，nowhere；any可构成复合词anybody，anything和anywhere。
在一个句子中通常只能有一个否定词（包括never，hardly等词）
【Multiple choice questions】
4 The people ___a___ under the Town Hall clock.
a. were b.was c. is d. be
people:人们, 做主语一定是复数
police，cattle是集合名词，用复数
8 How many times did the clock ___d___ ?
a. hit b. beat c. knock d. strike
敲门用knock；敲钟用strike
hit（轻）和strike（重hit hard)在一定的时候可以互换, 一般表示打一下
beat v. 连续不断的打
beat drums 敲鼓
12 It refused to welcome the New Year. It ___c___ .
a. denied it b. wanted to c. didn't want to d. wished to
deny v. 否认, 拒绝去承认, 后面一般加名词
deny the fact
I denied that I had stolen the bicycle.
refuse v. 拒绝
refuse to do sth.
I refused to steal the bicycle.
【语法 Grammar in use】
1．引导时间状语的介词 in, on, at, during, till与 until
（1）用in的时间短语有：
表示一天中的某段时间：
in the morning在早上
in the afternoon/ evening 在下午／晚上
表示月份、年份：
in March 在3月
in September 在9月
in 1984 在1984年
表示季节：
in (the) spring 在春天
in (the) winter 在冬天
in+ 一段时间有两种含义。它可以表示“在某段时间之内”，这时它可以与现在时、过去时或将来时连用，一般与完成某个动作有关：
I always eat my breakfast in ten minutes.
我总是在10分钟之内吃完早饭。
I finished the examination in two hours.
我在两小时之内做完了考题。
另外，它还可以表示“……时间之后”，与将来时连用：Mother will be back in ten days.
母亲10天后回来。
（2）用on的时间短语有：
表示星期：
on Monday 星期一
on Friday 星期五
on Monday morning/evening 在星期一早上／晚上表示日期：
on June 1st 在6月1日
on 23rd March 在3月23日
（在书写日期时没有冠词，但在口语中则分别读为：on June the first, on the 23rd of March）
表示星期+日期：
on Monday, June 1st 在6月1日，星期一
表示具体时间：
on that day 在那一天
on that evening 在那天晚上
My brother's birthday is on August 12th.我哥哥的生日是8月12日。
（3）用at的时间短语有：
表示确切的时间：
at 10 o'clock 在10点钟
at 5 'clock 在5点钟
表示用餐时间：
at lunch/ dinner time 在午饭／正餐时间
at teatime 在茶点时间
表示其他时刻：
at noon/ night/ midnight 在中午／夜里／半夜
at this time 在这时
Liz came to see me at ten/ teatime.
莉兹10点／在茶点时来看我了。
（4）during后必须跟一个名词，可以指整个一段时间。它有时可以用in替代：
It was very hot during the summer.
那年夏天很热。
He has phoned four times during the last half hour.
在这半小时内他打了4次电话。
但在下面的例句中则不可用in替代during:
I met him sometime during the week.
我是在这一周的某天遇见他的。
During the whole winter it never snowed.
整个冬季一直没下雪。
（5）from…till…指一段明确的时间：
The tourist season runs from June till October.
旅游季节从6月一直到10月。
（6）当所用动词只表示一个短暂的动作（如finish, leave）时，则只能在否定句中用till/ until:
I won't leave till/ until Monday.
我要到星期一才离开。
2．否定句的两种形式：not any与 no
对于一般疑问句，可以有两种否定的回答：
否定词no比not any的语气要强，但这两种否定的意义是相同的。
no可构成复合词nobody, none, nothing, nowhere;
any可构成复合词anybody, anything和anywhere:
在一个句子中通常只能有一个否定词（包括never, hardly等词）：
而除黑人英语外一般不说： I can't get no eggs.
1. 用于表示一天中的某段时间，如 in the morning, in the afternoon, in the evening。
- 例句：She usually goes for a run in the morning to start her day with energy and vitality.
2. 用于表示周、月份、年份，如 in a week, in January, in 1992。
- 例句：The project was completed successfully in January, meeting all the set objectives.
3. 用于表示季节，如 in summer, in spring, in autumn, in winter。
- 例句：Fruits are abundant and diverse in summer, making it the best time for a healthy diet.
4. in + 时间长度的短语可以表示“在某段时间之内”，常与完成时态连用，也可以表示“……时间之后”，常与将来时态连用，如 in twenty minutes' time。
- 例句：I will finish the report in two hours' time, so please wait for a while.
1. 用于表示星期几，如 on Monday, on Friday。
- 例句：The meeting is scheduled on Friday, so make sure to prepare your presentations.
2. 用于表示具体的日期，如 on June 1st, on 23rd March。
- 例句：His birthday party is on June 1st, and we are all excited to celebrate it.
3. 用于表示星期和日期的组合，如 on Monday, June 1st。
- 例句：The event will take place on Monday, June 1st, at the main auditorium.
4. 用于表示具体的时间段，如 on Wednesday evening, on a fine afternoon。
- 例句：I prefer to read books on a fine afternoon, as it brings me peace and relaxation.
1. 用于表示确切的时间，如 at five to twelve, at ten o'clock。
- 例句：The train is expected to arrive at ten o'clock sharp, so please be on time.
2. 用于表示用餐时间，如 at lunch/dinner time, at teatime。
- 例句：We usually have our family dinner at seven o'clock in the evening.
3. 用于表示其他具体时刻，如 at night, at noon, at midnight, at that time。
- 例句：He is a night owl and often works until late at night to finish his tasks.
1. 用于表示在某个时间段内，后必须跟一个名词，可以指整个一段时间，有时可以用 in 替代。
- 例句：During the last half hour, I have been busy responding to emails.
注意，during 强调从头到尾的整个时间段，而 in 强调时间段中的某一点。
2. 例如，during the holiday。
- 例句：We visited many historical sites during the holiday, learning a lot about our country's past.
1. till 用于表示直到某个时间点或事件为止。
- 例句：I will wait here till you return from your shopping trip.
2. until 直到句中，主句和从句都可以使用一般过去时，或者一个使用一般过去时，另一个使用过去完成时。
- 例句：I won't leave the office until all the work is finished.
1. 用于表示从一个时间点到另一个时间点的范围。
- 例句：The working hours are from 9:00 to 17:00, with a one-hour lunch break in between.
1. 整点：A o'clock，如 at 8 o'clock。
- 例句：The meeting is scheduled at 9 o'clock sharp, so please be punctual.
2. A点B分（B<30）：A B / B past A，如 at 10 past 2。
- 例句：We have an appointment at 10 past 2, so let's not be late.
3. A点15分：A fifteen / fifteen past A / a quarter past A，如 at a quarter past 9。
- 例句：The train departs at a quarter past 9, so we should be at the station early.
4. A点30分：A thirty / half past A，如 at half past 4。
- 例句：The class starts at half past 4, and we need to prepare the materials beforehand.
5. A点B分(B>30)：A B / (60-B) to (A+1)，如 at 10 to 3。
- 例句：The deadline for the project submission is at 5 to 3 in the afternoon.(项目的提交截止时间是下午2点55分。)
6. A点45分：A forty-five / a quarter to (A+1) / fifteen to (A+1)，如 at fifteen to 5。
- 例句：We usually have a short break at fifteen to 5 to refresh ourselves.(我们通常会在下午4点45分的时候休息一会儿，以此来放松和恢复精力。)
| 介词 | 用法 | 例句 |
|---|---|---|
| "in" | 用于表示一天中的某段时间 | She usually goes for a run in the morning to start her day with energy and vitality. |
| 用于表示周、月份、年份 | The project was completed successfully in January, meeting all the set objectives. | |
| 用于表示季节 | Fruits are abundant and diverse in summer, making it the best time for a healthy diet. | |
| in + 时间长度的短语可以表示“在某段时间之内” | I will finish the report in two hours' time, so please wait for a while. | |
| "on" | 用于表示星期几 | The meeting is scheduled on Friday, so make sure to prepare your presentations. |
| 用于表示具体的日期 | His birthday party is on June 1st, and we are all excited to celebrate it. | |
| 用于表示星期和日期的组合 | The event will take place on Monday, June 1st, at the main auditorium. | |
| 用于表示具体的时间段 | I prefer to read books on a fine afternoon, as it brings me peace and relaxation. | |
| "at" | 用于表示确切的时间 | The train is expected to arrive at ten o'clock sharp, so please be on time. |
| 用于表示用餐时间 | We usually have our family dinner at seven o'clock in the evening. | |
| 用于表示其他具体时刻 | He is a night owl and often works until late at night to finish his tasks. | |
| "during" | 用于表示在某个时间段内 | During the last half hour, I have been busy responding to emails. |
| 例如，during the holiday | We visited many historical sites during the holiday, learning a lot about our country's past. | |
| "till" 和 "until" | till 用于表示直到某个时间点或事件为止 | I will wait here till you return from your shopping trip. |
| until 直到句中，主句和从句都可以使用一般过去时，或者一个使用一般过去时，另一个使用过去完成时 | I won't leave the office until all the work is finished. | |
| "from…to…" | 用于表示从一个时间点到另一个时间点的范围 | The working hours are from 9:00 to 17:00, with a one-hour lunch break in between. |
| "时间表示方法详解及例句" | 整点：A o'clock | The meeting is scheduled at 9 o'clock sharp, so please be punctual. |
| A点B分（B<30）：A B / B past A | We have an appointment at 10 past 2, so let's not be late. | |
| A点15分：A fifteen / fifteen past A / a quarter past A | The train departs at a quarter past 9, so we should be at the station early. | |
| A点30分：A thirty / half past A | The class starts at half past 4, and we need to prepare the materials beforehand. | |
| A点B分(B>30)：A B / (60-B) to (A+1) | The deadline for the project submission is at 5 to 3 in the afternoon.(项目的提交截止时间是下午2点55分。) | |
| A点45分：A forty-five / a quarter to (A+1) / fifteen to (A+1) | We usually have a short break at fifteen to 5 to refresh ourselves.(我们通常会在下午4点45分的时候休息一会儿，以此来放松和恢复精力。) |
1. "any" 通常用于否定句和疑问句中，表示“任何”或“一些”，用于不确定的数量。
- 例句：Do you have any questions about the new policy? Feel free to ask.
2. 例句：I don't have any doubts about the team's ability to complete the task.
1. 在一个句子中，通常只能有一个否定词，包括 "never"、"hardly" 等词。使用多个否定词可能会导致双重否定或混淆的否定意义。
- 错误示例：I don't have no money.（双重否定，不正确）
- 正确示例：I don't have any money. 我没有钱。