Lesson 25 Do the English speak English? 

【New words and expressions】（5） 

railway n. 铁路

porter n. 搬运工

several quantifier 几个

foreigner n. 外国人

wonder v. 感到奇怪

★railway n. 铁路

railroad 铁路（美）

railway/railroad station 火车站

★several quantifier 几个

several＝a number of… 一些，只能修饰可数

several times 许多次（不能说some times）

some 一些, 即可以修饰可数, 又可以修饰不可数

a great number of… 大量的

some time 一段时间　

some time age 一段时间以前

sometime adv. 某时 

I will defeat you sometime. (总有一天我将打败你)

sometimes adv. 有时, 偶尔

★wonder v. 感到奇怪

① n. 奇迹，奇观，奇才；惊奇，惊讶 

Jane is a wonder. She never fails in her examinations.

the seven wonders of the world in ancient times 世界古代七大奇观

② vi.&vt. 感到惊讶，感到诧异，对……事情感奇怪

They wondered that there was a modern building in district.

wonder at sth.

I wonder at the beauty of the old town.

③ vt.&vi.（对……）感到疑惑/怀疑，想要知道

wonder +if +从句 是否……

I wonder if you have any spare time.

wonder +特殊疑问词 +从句

I wonder what time it is.

I wonder why you are late.

I wondered where you were going.

Could you tell me how to get to?/I wondered how to get there. 问路

no wonder 难怪

wonderful adj. 极好的

【Text】

I arrived in London at last. The railway station was big, black and dark. I did not know the way to my hotel, so I asked a porter. I not only spoke English very carefully, but very clearly as well. The porter, however, could not understand me. I repeated my question several times and at last he understood. He answered me, but he spoke neither slowly nor clearly. 'I am a foreigner,' I said. Then he spoke slowly, but I could not understand him. My teacher never spoke English like that! The porter and I looked at each other and smiled. Then he said something and I understood it. 'You'll soon learn English!' he said. I wonder. In England, each person speaks a different language. The English understand each other, but I don't understand them! Do they speak English?

参考译文

我终于到了伦敦. 火车站很大, 又黑又暗. 我不知道去饭店的路该怎么走, 于是向一个搬运工打听. 我的英语讲得不但非常认真, 而且咬字也非常清楚. 然而搬运工却不明白我的话. 我把问话重复了很多遍. 他终于听懂了. 他回答了, 但他讲得既不慢也不清楚. “我是个外国人, “我说. 于是他说得慢了, 可我还是听不懂. 我的老师从来不那样讲英语!我和搬运工相视一笑. 接着, 他说了点什么, 这回我听懂了. “您会很快学会英语的!” 他说. 我感到奇怪. 在英国, 人们各自说着一种不同的语言. 英国人之间相互听得懂, 可我却不懂他们的话!他们说的是英语吗?

【课文讲解】

1、Do the English speak English?

English这里均为名词，第一个指“英国人”，前面要加the，表示一个群体，后面的动词必须用复数；第二个指“英语”，指语言时前面不加冠词。

The English often talk about the weather.

English还可以作形容词，表示“英格兰的，英国的，英国人的”等。

与English相似的单词有French，Chinese，Japanese等。

2、I arrived in London at last.

arrive vi. 到达

arrive at 小地点；

arrive in 大地点

When will you arrive?

reach vt. 到达……（后面一定要加宾语）

When will you reach(arrive in) BeiJing?

get to+宾语 到达……

When will you get to BeiJing?

How can I get there?

home/there都是副词，副词跟动词连用的时候不需要加介词，arrive也一样；但一般不用“reach home/there”，如一定要这样写则把“home”看作名词，“there”当代词看, 不作副词看

get home 到家；get there 到那

3、The railway station was big, black and dark.

并列的表达方式中前面都是用逗号隔开, 最后两个用and连接

balck 颜色(建筑物)

The room is black.

dark 没有光线 

It is dark.

4、I did not know the way to my hotel, so I asked a porter.

the way to … 通往……路

Can you tell me the way to…

I don't know the way to…. Can you tell me how to get there?

I don't know the way to the school and where is it?

I know the way.

know sth. well 对……很熟悉

I know the boy well.

5、I not only spoke English very carefully, but very clearly as well.

not only...but...as well= not only…but also… 不但……而且……

I can speak not only Chinese but English as well.

Mary not only found her aunt, but stayed with her for two weeks as well.

Not only you but also I will go there.主语并列(一般不这么用)

not only喜欢放在动词的前面，一般遇到实义动词和非实义动词的时候, 习惯放在两者之间

I can not only speak Chinese but English as well.(更习惯的说法)

I not only like my mother but my father as well.

as well本身的含义是“也、又、还”

If you go home tomorrow, I’ll go as well.

He lent me his pen, and his dictionary as well.

6、He answered me, but he spoke neither slowly nor clearly.

neither…nor… ……既不，也不……

Neither the boss nor his secretary is flying to New York.

7、My teacher never spoke English like that!

like这里是介词，表示“像，像……一样”

There’s no one like you. 没有人像你一样。

He speaks like a foreigner.

To learn English well is to study hard.

但在口语中 : To learn English well is study hard. (没to)

【Letter Writing】

写信人的地址位于信纸的右上角，被称为“信头”，地址后面总是接写日期

St.是street的缩略

逗号在地址里表示前者属于后者

I am in class 1,Grade 1.

在日期里, 月和日之间不需要逗号，且月和日的顺序可互换，但在年代之前要有逗号，日期是以序数词出现的，月份一定要是英语字母

February the fourth, 1998 =the fourth of February, 1998

Haidian District,(海淀区)

BeiJing,

China.(最后一个地点要打上句号)

【Key structures】　

并列句中的语序

通过并列连词可以把几个简单句连接起来构成一个并列句。在并列句中，各分句要根据上下文的要求按逻辑次序排列，但各分句都同等重要并独立存在。

并列连词可以用来表示

另加（and）、

对比（but，yet）、

选择（or）、

连续（and，then）、

结局或结果（so）。

however 用在句号的后面, 单独成句, 于前边的句子只有意思上的承接, 没有语法上的承接, 语法上的承接表转折只能用 but。

一些并列句的连词：

and，

and then，

but，

so，

yet，

or，

not only…but…as well 不但……而且……，

neither…nor… 既不……也不……，

either…or… 或者……或者……，

both…and… 两者都

yet adv. 然而

放在句末或句中, 与否定句, 疑问句相连, 并且与现在完成时用得比较多

Have you finished yet? 

yet=but 连词，放在两个句子间, 起转折作用

or adv. 或者, 否则

Hurry up ,you will be late. /Hurry up,or you will be late.

当主语由and或both…and连接, 通常采用复数谓语动词. 

Both the girl and the boy are his friends.

当主语由 neither...nor,either...or,not only...but also 或or 连接时，谓语动词与nor,or,but also后面的词一致，在英语语法中，这被称之为“就近原则”，离动词最近的名词是单数, 整个主语就视为单数；离动词最近的名词是复数, 整个主语就视为复数

Neither he nor I am going to the airport.

Not only Mary but also her parents have gone abroad.

【Multiple choice questions】

5 He didn't speak slowly and he didn't speak clearly ___b___ .

a. neither b. either c. too d. nor

not和neither不会连用，too用于肯定句，either用于跟否定句结尾

一句话中一般不允许出现两个否定句

8 I repeated my question several times. I repeated it ___b___ times.

a. much b. a number of c. only a few d. three

several = some = a number of

much后面不加可数名词，没有only a few这个短语，quite a few 相当多的

9 At last he understood. He understood ___a___ .

a. in the end b. at least c. lastly d. at the finish

at last= in the end 最后、最终

lastly adj. 最新的、最近的一段时间

at least 至少

【语法精粹】

1.They ___B____ the trip until the rain stopped.

A. continued B. didn't continue　C. hadn't continued D. would continue

until是前面和后面用一般过去时和过去完成时都对，但是我们在一般情况下两个都用一般过去时

2.The local peasants gave the solders clothes and food without which they __A___ of hunger and cold. (without 在这里表示条件)

A. would die B. will die C. would be dead D. would have died

虚拟语气

3.It was not until then that I came to know that the earth __D__around the sun.

A. moved B. has moved C. will move D. moves

It was not until that是强调结构,首先将“It was…that”去掉，再将“not”移到“that”后面的句子中，分析句子时后半句改为 : 

I didn't come to know that the earth around the sun until then.

（until then 是在那个时候之前）

His father did not leave until he returned home.

变成强调句形式 : It was not until he returned home that his father left.

I don't get up until lunch time.

变成强调句形式 : It is not until lunch time that I get up.

4. When all those present(到场者)__D__he begin his lecture.

A. sit B. set C. seated D. were seated 

seat vt. 做动词的时候两种情况① seat sb.；② sb. be seated

sit vi. 坐 

sb. sit down

5.If I had had time, I would have written to you. But in fact I___not.

A. have B.would have C. had D. had had

虚拟语气　

【语法 Grammar in use】

并列句的语序（Word order in compound statements）

在第1课的语法中，我们学习了简单陈述句的语序，它一般为：

主语+动词+宾语（可有可无）+状语（可有可无，分为方式、地点和时间状语，位置相对比较灵活）。

通过并列连词可以把几个简单句连接起来构成一个并列句。在并列句中，各分句要根据上下文的要求按逻辑次序排列，但各分句都同等重要并独立存在。我们常常把并列句中的各分句看成是并列主句。常用的并列连词有：

and， 

and then， 

but， 

so， 

yet，

or， 

both…and，

either…or， 

neither…nor， 

not only…but also/but…as well等。

这些并列连词可以用来表示另加（and）、对比（but，yet）、选择（or）、连续（and then）以及结局或结果（so）。

并列句基本上保留了简单句的词序。

and前面一般不加逗号，但其他连词前则一般要加逗号：

Jim speaks Spanish, but his wife speaks French.吉姆讲西班牙语，而他妻子却讲法语。

I've got a cold, so I'm going to bed.

我得了感冒，所以我要去睡觉。

当并列连词连接的成分相同时，通常不再重复：

He either speaks French or understands it.

他或是会讲法语，或是懂法语。（主语相同，省略）

Either you or I can eat the apple.

这个苹果或者是你吃，或者是我吃。（谓语相同，省略）

Both Mary and Jane understands English.

玛丽和简都懂英语。

当 both…and， either…or和neither…nor连接主语时，谓语动词与后一个主语保持一致：

Neither Liz nor I teach mathematics.

莉兹和我都不教数学。（第2个主语为I，所以teach后不加-es）

英语中常用的并列连词

并列句的语序规则及例句