Lesson 40 Food and talk

【New words and expressions】（6） 

hostess n. 女主人

unsmiling adj. 不笑的，严肃的

tight adj. 紧身的

fix v. 凝视

globe n. 地球

despair n. 绝望

★hostess n. 女主人

host n. 男主人；v. 作为主人, 主办

actor n. 男演员； actress n. 女演员

★unsmiling adj. 不笑的

unsmiling adj. 不笑的（un+smiling, 但并不一定表示 “严肃”）

serious adj.严肃的, 认真的, 严重的 

My father is serious.

★tight adj. 紧身的

tight jeans 紧身牛仔裤

The shoes are small/tight. (夹脚, 很紧)

tights n. 贴身衬衣, 紧身衣, 女用连裤袜

★fix v. 凝视

① v. 使……固定、安装

fix the picture on the wall 

She fixed a handle on the door.

fix on 使（目光、注意力等）集中于，盯着

fix one's eyes on sth./one's eyes be fixed on sth. 盯着……目不转睛（习惯用被动）

All the eyes were fixed on the blackboard. 所有的眼睛都盯着黑板

② v. 修理 

★globe n. 地球，球状物, 如地球仪；adj. 全球的

global problem 全球性的问题 

earth n. 地球

global “阁楼宝”，一种灭蟑螂的药名

★despair n. 绝望

despair n. 绝望, 失望, 令人失望的人(事物)；vi.绝望

in despair 绝望的

sb./sth. is the despair of… ……让……感到绝望

The boy is the despair of his parents. 那男孩的父母对他感到绝望了。

This boy is his mother's despair. 这个男孩使他妈绝望了。

The examination was the despair of me. = The examination was my despair.

我对考试已经绝望了。

disappoint vt. 使失望

【Text】

Last week at a dinner party, the hostess asked me to sit next to Mrs. Rumbold. Mrs. Rumbold was a large, unsmiling lady in a tight black dress. She did not even look up when I took my seat beside her. Her eyes were fixed on her plate and in a short time, she was busy eating. I tried to make conversation.

'A new play is coming to "The Globe" soon,' I said. 'Will you be seeing it?'

'No,' she answered.

'Will you be spending your holidays abroad this year?' I asked.

'No,' she answered.

'Will you be staying in England?' I asked.

'No,' she answered.

In despair, I asked her whether she was enjoying her dinner.

'Young man,' she answered, 'if you ate more and talked less, we would both enjoy our dinner!

参考译文

在上星期的一次宴会上, 女主人安排我坐在兰伯尔德夫人的身旁. 兰伯尔德夫人是一位身材高大、表情严肃的女人, 穿一件紧身的黑衣服. 当我在她身旁坐下来的时候, 她甚至连头都没有抬一下. 她的眼睛盯着自己的盘子, 不一会儿就忙着吃起来了. 我试图找个话题和她聊聊. 

“一出新剧要来‘环球剧场’上演了, “我说, “您去看吗?” 

“不, “她回答. “您今年去国外度假吗?” 我又问. 

“不, “她回答. 

“您就呆在英国吗?” 我问. 

“不, “她回答. 

失望之中我问她饭是否吃得满意. 

“年轻人, “她回答说, “如果你多吃点, 少说点, 我们两个都会吃得好的!” 

【课文讲解】

1、Last week at a dinner party, the hostess asked me to sit next to Mrs. Rumbold.

dinner为不可数名词，“at a dinner party”中的“a”并不修饰“dinner”而是 “party”,have dinner不加“a”

ask sb. to do sth. 叫某人做某事

next to 与……相邻，挨着（既可表示座位挨着也可以表示地理位置上挨着） 

sit next to me 坐我旁边

There’s a field/shop next to our house.

2、Mrs. Rumbold was a large, unsmiling lady in a tight black dress.

unsmiling表示bad mix，很难与人融合。unsmiling的反义词为smiling（微笑的，喜气洋洋的）。有些形容词前面可以加上前缀un-来表示相反的意义：comfortable（舒服的）/ uncomfortable（不舒服的）

true（真实的）/untrue（不真实的），

interesting（有趣的）/ uninteresting（无趣味的，乏味的）。

in在这里表示“穿着、戴着”：

A young man in a blue dress is inquiring for you.

（inquiring for sb. 要找（某人），求见某人）

3、She did not even look up when I took my seat beside her.

take a seat 坐下，比sit要正式

Please take a seat.

take one’s seat 表示位置事先已安排好

After everyone had taken his seat, the meeting/dinner/party began.

4、Her eyes were fixed on her plate and in a short time, she was busy eating.

busy +doing sth. 忙着做某事（doing前可以加in，也可以不加）

We’re all busy (in) getting ready for the performance.

5、'A new play is coming to "The Globe" soon,' I said. 'Will you be seeing it?'

The new film is coming to the cinema. / A new play will be on at ‘The Globe’. 

即将上映

The film will be on. 那部电影即将要上映

6、'if you ate more and talked less, we would both enjoy our dinner!’

在并列句中，相同的句子成分（如主语、谓语、状语等）通常由同一词性的单词/词组表示，并且它们的长度也差不多，以保持句子的平衡性。

You can either go out or stay here.

He wants to buy a lot of things, but he has little money.

他想买的东西很多，但他的钱很少。

【Composition】

1 She refused to answer any questions. She did not ask any questions. (not only…but…either)

2 She was not interested in the theatre. She was not interested in travel. (neither…nor) 

1 She not only refused to answer question but she did not ask any question either.

=She not only refused to answer question but ask no question either.

but…as well 可以加肯定也可以加否定 ； but…either只能加否定

as well, either 在此句中可省略

2 She was interested in neither the theatre nor travel.

=She was interested neither in the theatre nor in travel.(更好, 介词短语的并列)

【Key structures】　

第2类条件句（虚拟条件句）

第1类条件句，谈论将有可能发生的事情，并且考虑其将来的真实结果。主句用一般将来时，从句用一般现在时或其他形式的现在时。

If you help me,I will be gratefull. 如果你帮我, 我会感激你 (正常语气)

If it rains, I will not go. 正常语气(不一定会去)

第2类条件句，if从句谈论想象的情况（假设与现在事实相反），主句则推测想象的结果。 从句使用一般过去时, 主句使用would+动词原形。尽管第2类条件句使用过去时，却并非指过去的时间，所以，if之后的过去时用法常被称为“非真实的过去”，整个条件句也被称作非真实条件句。

If you helped me,I would be grateful.

如果你帮了我, 我会感激你(可惜你没有帮我, 我不会感激你)

If it rained,it would not be hot. 如果下雨, 就不会这么热

If you could make him change his mind, you would save him a lot of trouble. 

假如你能使他改变主意, 你会使他免了许多麻烦. 

如果if从句中的动词是be, 那么应该在第一和第三人称单数名词之后用were。If I were you这种说法经常用于提出建议。

If I were you, I’d accept their offer.

If I were in your position, I would act differently. 

假如我处于你的位置, 我会采取不同的作法. 

第2类条件句有时也可代替第1类条件句来描述颇有可能发生的事情，但比第1类条件句较为“无把握”。

If you went by train, you would get there earlier.

If you go by train, you will get there earlier.

第2类条件句经常用来描写完全不可能的事情。

If I had longer legs, I’d be able to run faster.

【Special Difficulties】 

Make的用法

及物动词make的原义为“制造”，但它经常用于一些固定的结构，最常见的为make+（冠词）+名词形式：

make progress（取得进步）；

make the bed（铺床）；

make conversation（找话题）；

make a noise（吵闹）；

make a promise（保证）；

make trouble（捣蛋，制造麻烦）； 

make money（挣钱）； 

make a speech（演讲）；

make a mistake（犯错误）；

make up one's mind（下定决心，拿定主意）

Do的用法

完全动词do也有一些固定短语：

do one's best（尽最大努力）；

do one's homework（做作业）；

do sb. a favour（帮忙）；

do a job（干家务）；

do work（做家务）；

do exercise（做练习）；

do business（做生意） 

do还可以与动名词连用：

do some shopping（买东西，购物）；

do swimming（游泳）；

do some reading （读书）

【Multiple choice questions】

4 She asked me to sit next to Mrs. Rumbold.‘___c___next to her,’she said.

a. Please to sit b. To sit c. Please sit d. Please sitting

ask sb. to do sth. 祈使句, 以动词原形为标志

5 I took my seat beside her. I___a___ beside her.

a. sat b. seated c. was sitted d. was seating

seat一定要加宾语, 如果后面没宾语, 就用seat的被动语态(及物动词) : seat yourself / be seated是及物动词，sit是不及物动词, 没有被动语态, 后面不能加宾语，坐下：sit down

9 Her eyes were fixed on the plate. She ___b___it.

a. was glancing at b. was staring at c. was thinking about d. was stuck to

stuck to 粘在……上面

glance at 扫了一眼 (glance)

I glanced at it but I didn't pick it up.

stare at = fix one's eyes on 盯着看 (stare)

look at 从头来看

see 看见

watch vt. 观看(看活动的) 

watch TV / watch sb. doing

notice 强调的是眼睛的注意, 看一些别人不太注意的事情

glimpse of / have a glimpse of 瞥了一眼

catch sight of= see 看见 

I can catch sight of the bird.

be in sight 看见

read v. 阅读(看与文字有关的东西)

read loudly, read aloud 大声朗读, 汉语中的读

go through 浏览

12 Are you enjoying your dinner? Is it ___d___?

a. enjoying you b. amusing you 

c. entertaining you d. giving you pleasure

enjoy sth. 表示在后者当中得到了一种享受

enjoy 主语是人 enjoy oneself 

sth. amuse 好笑 

entertain sb. 娱乐 

amuse,entertain后面会加人

entertainment n. 款待, 娱乐, 娱乐表演

【语法 Grammar in use】

第2类条件句

在第16课的语法中，我们学习了第1类条件句，它谈论将有可能发生的事情，并且考虑其将来的真实结果。它的一般形式如下所示：

You'll miss the train if you don't hurry.

你如果不抓紧时间会误了火车的。（主句用一般将来时，从句用一般现在时或其他形式的现在时）

第2类条件句的形式与第一类不同，if从句中用一般过去时，谈论想像的情况，主句用would +动词原形，推测想像的结果：

If it rained tomorrow, we'd stay at home.

如果明天下雨，我们将呆在家里。

尽管第2类条件句使用过去时，却并非指过去的时间，所以，if之后的过去时用法常被称为“非真实的过去”。

第2类条件句有时可以代替第1类条件句来描述颇有可能发生的事情，但比第1类条件句较为“无把握”。试比较：

不过第2类条件句经常用来描写完全不可能的事情：

If I had longer legs, I'd be able to run faster.

如果我的腿再长一点儿，我就能跑得更快了。

在最后一个例句中，the weather是单数，按语法规则，在正常的陈述句中它后面应为was而不是were。但在第2类条件句中，were比was更为正式，与真实情况的差别也更大：If he were/was ready, I would go.

如果他准备好了，我就去。

if I were you这种说法经常用于提出建议：

If I were you, I'd accept their offer.

如果我是你，我就接受他们的建议。

第二类条件句

第二类条件句，也称为非真实条件句或虚拟条件句，用于描述与现实相反的情况或者不太可能发生的假设。这类条件句通常用于表达遗憾、愿望、建议或假设性的情况，它们不是指实际发生的事情，而是一种假设或非现实的情境。

在第二类条件句中，if从句通常使用过去式（对于现在或未来的假设）或过去完成时（对于过去的假设），而主句则通常使用“would + 动词原形”、“could + 动词原形”、“might + 动词原形”或“should + 动词原形”。

以下是一些第二类条件句的例子：

1. 对于现在的假设：

   If I had a lot of money, I would buy a house.

   （如果我有很多钱，我会买一栋房子。）

2. 对于未来的假设：

   If it were to rain tomorrow, we would cancel the trip.

   （如果明天下雨，我们会取消旅行。）

3. 对于过去的假设：

   If I had known you were sick, I would have visited you in the hospital.

   （如果我知道你生病了，我会去医院看你。）

4. 使用过去完成时的if从句：

   If they had studied harder, they could have passed the exam.

   （如果他们学习更努力，他们本可以通过考试的。）

第二类条件句中的“would”通常表示过去的习惯或虚拟的行为，而“could”和“might”则表示可能性或不确定性。有时，为了强调虚拟的语气，人们也会使用“should”来代替“would”：

- If I were you, I should invest in that company.

（如果我是你，我会投资那家公司。）

第二类条件句在口语和书面语中都非常有用，尤其是在表达遗憾、愿望或提供非现实的建议时。掌握这种条件句的用法可以帮助我们更准确地表达非现实的情况和情感。

第二类条件句