Lesson 49 The end of a dream
【New words and expressions】（13）
tired adj. 厌烦的
real adj. 真正的
owner n. 主人
spring n. 弹簧
mattress n. 床垫
gust n. 一阵风
sweep v. 扫，刮
courtyard n. 院子
smash v. 碰碎，摔碎
miraculously adv. 奇迹般地
unhurt adj. 没有受伤的
glance v. 扫视
promptly adv. 迅速地
★tired adj. 厌烦的
be/get tired of sth./doing sth. 讨厌做某事
★real adj. 真正的 (强调东西不是假的)
true adj. 真挚, 真诚, 符合标准 (强调符合某个标准)
real man 真人；true man 男子汉，好汉
★spring n. 弹簧
spring n. 春天；泉水
fountain n. 人工喷泉
★mattress n. 床垫
mat n. 垫子 (如杯垫)
cushion n. 座垫
★gust n. 一阵（阵）风
a gust of anger (一阵)无名火
breeze n. 微风
gale n. 大风，（突发的）一阵风（风力比gust强）
wind n. 风的总称
★sweep (swept[swept],swept) n. 扫刮
① vt. 扫，打扫
She sweeps the floor/the room every morning.
② vt. （风）吹；刮
A gust of wind swept the bed off the roof.
sweep sth. away 把……刮走
The newspaper has been swept away by the wind.
blow v. 刮
★smash v. 碰碎, 摔碎
① vt.&vi. 打碎，摔碎，（使）碎裂
The cup smashed on the floor.
smash sth. into pieces 把……摔成碎片
The bed was smashed to piece.
crash v. 受挤压而变碎
The egg is easy to crash.
cut sth. into pieces 切碎, 剪碎
tear sth. into pieces 撕碎
break v. 打碎
crack v. 裂开不碎
② vt.&vi. 重击，殴打，猛砸/撞
Why didn’t you smash the man with your fist?
A car smashed into the wall.
★courtyard n. 院子
court n. 院子，庭院；法庭
yard n. 院子
backyard n. 后院
★glance v. 扫视
glance at 扫了一眼（有意识地看）
glare at 瞪着(生气的)
stare at 盯着
gaze at 盯着(无限神往, 羡慕地看)
★promptly adv. 迅速地
promptly＝at once, immediately
【Text】
Tired of sleeping on the floor, a young man in Teheran saved up for years to buy a real bed. For the first time in his life, he became the proud owner of a bed which had springs and a mattress. Because the weather was very hot, he carried the bed on to the roof of his house. He slept very well for the first two nights, but on the third night, a storm blew up. A gust of wind swept the bed off the roof and sent it crashing into the courtyard below. The young man did not wake up until the bed had struck the ground. Although the bed was smashed to pieces, the man was miraculously unhurt. When he woke up, he was still on the mattress. Glancing at the bits of wood and metal that lay around him, the man sadly picked up the mattress and carried it into his house. After he had put it on the floor, he promptly went to sleep again.
参考译文
德黑兰的一个年轻人由于对睡地板感到厌倦, 于是积蓄多年买了一张真正的床. 他平生第一次自豪地拥有了一张既有弹簧又带床垫的床. 由于天气很热, 他便把床搬到了他的屋顶上. 头两天晚上, 他睡得非常好. 但第三天晚上起了风暴. 一阵大风把床从屋顶上刮了下来, 把它摔碎在下面的院子里. 那年轻人直到床撞到地上才醒了过来. 尽管床摔成了碎片, 但年轻人却奇迹般地没有受伤. 他醒来时, 仍然躺在床垫上. 年轻人看了一眼周围的碎木片和碎金属片, 伤心地捡起了床垫, 把它拿进了屋. 他把床垫往地板上一放, 很快又睡着了.
【课文讲解】
1、Tired of sleeping on the floor, a young man in Teheran saved up for years to buy a real bed.
be tired of 对……感到厌倦，在这句话里省略了现在分词being，用形容词短语直接做原因状语，其作用相当于原因状语从句as he was tired of…。
I always go to bed hungry. （用形容词直接做状语）
Worried about my daughter, Lucy, she went to London to visit Lucy.
I went home. I am tired. => I went home tired
I went home excited.
save up 攒钱，储蓄
I want to get married in one or two years, so I’m trying to save (some money) up.
2、For the first time in his life, he became the proud owner of a bed which had springs and a mattress.
for the first time in one's life 平生第一次
He became the proud father of a baby. 我自豪的成为一个孩子的父亲了.
3、Because the weather was very hot, he carried the bed on to the roof of his house.
on to（onto） 类似与 in to（into），用于表示动作方向而不用于表示静态的位置，不但有“去”的概念还有把它放到“on”（上面）的概念。onto/on to有时可用on代替，但表示位置的on不可用onto代替：
Lift sth. on to the cart.
I put the pen onto/on the table.
The pen is on the table. （不能用onto/on to）
Mr. Thompson is jumped onto the stage. 汤普森先生跳上了台上。
Mr. Thompson jumped on the stage. 汤普森先生在台上跳了跳。
4、He slept very well for the first two nights, but on the third night, a storm blew up.
for the first two nights 头两天晚上
I study hard for the first three days.
for the last three nights 最后三天晚上
blow up <adv.> 风越刮越大(程度在加深)，（指暴风雨）出现并加剧；刮起
speak up 大声点
5、A gust of wind swept the bed off the roof and sent it crashing into the courtyard below.
gust表示“一阵强风，一阵狂风”，既可单独使用，也可用a gust of wind形式：
A gust (of wind) blew my hat off.
She set off even though the wind was blowing in gusts.
虽然当时阵阵狂风吹着，她还是出发了。
off = down/away from
below 直接放在被修饰词之后作定语
crashing into the courtyard below是现在分词短语，作宾语补足语。crash （不及物动词）直接用主动形式，smash（及物动词）可用被动
一个句子中不能出现两个动词，如果出现了两个动词，要用and或but连接；或者把其中一个作为非谓语动词to do(表目的)，-ed(表被动)，-ing(表主动)。
6、The young man did not wake up until the bed had struck the ground.
not…until表示“直到……才”，until前面没有not时，与表示一段时间的“持续动词”连用；有not时，常用表示某一时间点的动词（或瞬间动词）连用：
I’ll stay here until Monday. 我要在这儿呆到星期一。
I won’t leave until Monday. 我要到星期一才离开。
7、Although the bed was smashed to pieces, the man was miraculously unhurt.
although 尽管；though 虽然，意义差不多，以从句出现
to pieces 粉碎地，成碎片地
The cup was broken to pieces.
8、Glancing at the bits of wood and metal that lay around him, the man sadly picked up the mattress and carried it into his house.
glancing为现在分词，引导的短语相当于一个时间状语从句after he glanced at…。动词的ing形式一定强调某一个名词之间的主动关系。
glance v. 看一眼，扫视
Joe glanced through the newspaper while talking to me.
乔一边和我聊天，一边浏览报纸。
bits = pieces
lie (lay，lain) 不及物动词，后面一定要加“around”，不能说成“lay him”
【letter writing】
大多数书信都以“dear”开头，后接姓名，“dear”这个词一定要在信纸的左手边顶格。第二行如要退格是退5个字符, 现在西方都是顶格写。
【Key structures】
复合句的语序
复合句可用两种方法构成：
一是用连词把从句与主句连接起来；
二是用分词结构或不定式。
1、用连词连接的复合句
① 在复合句中，从句可以是名词从句（即起名词的作用）。在句子中，它可以作主语、宾语或be等系动词的表语，一般由that引导，有时也用what（疑问词引导的除外）
I know (that) the meeting will be put off.
② 从句可以是关系（或形容词）从句，关系代词通常有who，whom，that，which和whose。
③ 从句可以是状语（或副词）从句，
时间状语连词有when，after，before，as soon as，until，while，as，since等；
地点状语从句连词有where，everywhere，anywhere等；
方式状语从句连词有as或短语in the way (that)等，方式状语从句在动词be，feel，seem，appear等后面也可以由连词as if和as though来引导；
原因状语从句由because，as等引导；
条件状语从句可由if及其他连词引导；
让步状语从句使句子具有对比的因素，它们一般由连词although，though，even though，even if等引导；
目的状语从句可由so that，in order that等连词引导；
结果状语从句描述结果，可由so+形容词+that引导，也可由such (a) +（形容词） + 名词 + that来引导；比较状语从句结构包括as +形容词/副词 + as，not so/as … as，形容词/副词的比较级 +than，more…than，less…than等
He has been ill since he came back from his holidays.
With a special train ticket, you can travel anywhere/everywhere you like in Europe for just over $100.
Type this again as/in the way (that) I showed you just now.
As you can’t go yourself, you’ll have to ask Susan go for you.
既然你自己不能去，那你就请苏珊替你去吧。
2、分词结构的复合句
① 用现在分词结构可以代替时间从句、原因从句、关系从句等，现在分词结构的这种用法仅限于两个动作的主语一致的时候。用它代替时间从句时，分词结构表示的动作如果发生在前，则分词结构要位于主语前；如果两个动作同时发生，那么分词结构既可以位于主句前，也可以位于主句后。分词结构位于主句前面时，要用逗号隔开。
I got very angry speaking to them.
Feeling tired, I went to bed earlier than usual.
Following his mom, he went there.(主动概念, 跟着他母亲去了那儿)
② 过去分词结构常用于比较正式的文体，往往代替被动语态
Damaged in an accident, the car has now been repaired.
Followed by his mom, he went there. (被动概念, 被他母亲带着跟着去了那儿)
3、不定式结构的复合句
这种结构通常可以代替表示目的或表示条件的状语从句：
To get into university you have to pass a number of examinations.
【Multiple choice questions】
3、___b___ the hot weather, he couldn't sleep indoors.
a. Because b. Because of c. As d. For
because，as，for+句子，不能加词组；because of +名词 因为……
5、How ___b___ did he sleep?
a. good b. well c. good d. nice
how对形容词或者副词提问
He slept well. （how对程度副词提问）
The tree is tall. How tall is the tree?
He sang songs beautifully. How beautifully did he sing?
6、Where was the courtyard? c
a. Down. b. Under. c. Below. d. Bottom.
down adv. 在……下(向下)
go down, sit down
under 介词必须加宾语
below adv. 下面, 表示一种状态
bottom n. 下面
7、He looked at the bits of wood and metal ___c___ around him.
a. laying b. laid c. lying d. lied
laying(lay) vt. 放 （lay the egg(下蛋)）
lying(lie vi. 躺 lie in bed)
lie（lied，lied） 撒谎
过去分词属于非谓语动词, 做定语时与被修饰词形成被动关系
8 A gust of wind swept the bed off the roof. The wind blew very ___a___.
a. hard b. fast c. quickly d. soon
a gust of wind 一阵风
hard 修饰动词, 表示程度大
study hard 努力学习
9 The bed crashed into the courtyard. It ___c___ the courtyard.
a. smashed b. knocked c. struck d.exploded
crash vi.从上往下掉, 摔碎；smash vt. 摔碎；knock v. 敲击；
explode v. 爆炸；struck v. 撞击
11 He glanced at the bits of wood and metal. He ___a___ the bits of wood and metal.
a. looked quickly at b. had a glimpse of c. stared at d.watched
glance at （漫不经心的）扫视,(主动的看)
look quickly at 快速地看
had a glimpse of （无意识的）看
stare at 盯着看
watch 注视, 密切关注
【语法 Grammar in use】
复合句的语序 (Word order in complex statements)
复合句的构成方法可以是把简单句连接在一起。但与并列句不同，它的各个组成部分并非同等重要，其中总有一个独立分句（或称“主句”）和一个或一个以上从属分句（或称“从句”），主句往往可以独立存在。复合句可用两种方法构成。一是用连词把从句与主句连接起来；二是用分词结构或不定式，它们构成复合句的一部分，因为它们可以用从句的形式表现出来。
（1）用连词连接的复合句
A 在复合句中，从句可以是名词从句（即起名词的作用）。在句子中，它可以作主语、宾语或be等系动词的表语，一般由that引导，有时也用what（疑问词引导的除外）：
I know(that)the meeting will be put off.
我知道会议将要推迟。（宾语）
That the meeting will be put off is now certain.
会议将被推迟现已确定无疑。（主语，that不可省略）
B 也可以是关系（或形容词）从句，关系代词通常有who, whom, that, which和whose。（cf．第28课语法）
C 也可以是状语（或副词）从句。时间状语从句一般回答When？形式的问题，并可以用下列从属连词来引导：when, after, before, as soon as, until, while, as, since等：
He has been ill since he came back from his holidays.
他自从休假回来就一直病着。
地点状语从句回答Where？形式的问题，可以由where, everywhere, anywhere等连词来引导：
With a special train ticket, you can travel anywhere/ everywhere you like in Europe for just over ￡ 100.
你如持有专票，仅花一百多一点英镑，就可以到欧洲各地旅行。
方式状语从句回答How？形式的问题，可以由连词as或短语in the way(that)等引导。方式状语从句一般置于主句之后：
Type this again as／in the way(that) I showed you just now.
按我刚才告诉你的那样把这再打一遍。
方式状语从句在动词be, feel, seem, appear等后面也可以由连词as if和as though来引导：
It feels as if/ though it's going to rain.
这天气给人的感觉好像是就要下雨了。
原因状语从句一般回答Why？形式的问题，可以由because, as 等引导：
He went to bed earlier than usual because he was tired.
他因为累了，所以睡觉比平时早。
As you can't go yourself, you'll have to ask Susan go to for you.
既然你自己不能去，那你就请苏珊替你去吧。
条件状语从句可由if及其他连词引导。（cf．第16课与第40课语法）让步状语从句使句子具有对比的因素，它们一般由连词although, though, even though, even if等引导：
He failed the exam, even though he studied hard.
虽然他学习很努力，他考试还是没及格。
Although he studied hard, he failed the exam.
（译文同上）
目的状语从句可由so that, in order that等连词引导：
I arrived early so that/ in order that I could get the tickets.
我到得很早，以便能买到票。
结果状语从句描述结果，可由so+形容词+that引导，也可由such(a)+（形容词）+名词+that来引导：
She was so angry that she left immediately.
她非常生气，立刻就走了。
There was such a lot of rain that we couldn't go out.
下这么大的雨，我们都出不了门了。
比较状语从句结构包括as+形容词／副词+as, not so／as…as，形容词／副词的比较级+than, more…than, less…than 等：
He is as quick in answering as his sister(is).
他回答得和他妹妹／姐姐一样快。
He is not so/ as quick in answering as his sister(is).
他回答得不如他妹妹／姐姐那样快。
He moves more slowly than his sister(does).
他行动起来比他妹妹／姐姐慢。
（2）分词结构的复合句
A 用现在分词结构可以代替时间从句、原因从句、关系从句等：
I got very angry speaking to them.
和他们谈话时我变得非常生气。（时间）
Feeling tired, I went to bed earlier than usual.
我觉得很累，所以睡得比平时早。（原因）
The train arriving at 8 o'clock is from London.
8点钟到的这趟列车是从伦敦来的。（代替关系从句）
现在分词结构的这种用法仅限于两个动作的主语一致的时候。用它代替时间从句时，分词结构表示的动作如果发生在前，则分词结构要位于主语前；如果两个动作同时发生，那么分词结构既可以位于主句前，也可以位于主句后：
Finding the door unlocked, he went into the room.
他发现门没上锁，就走进房间。（有前后）
Working with them, I got very angry.
同他们一起工作时我很生气。（同时）
分词结构位于主句前面时，要用逗号隔开。
B 过去分词结构常用于比较正式的文体，往往代替被动语态：
Damaged in an accident, the car has now been repaired.
在一次事故中被撞坏后，那辆车现已修好。
（3）不定式结构的复合句
这种结构通常可以代替表示目的或表示条件的状语从句：
To get into university you have to pass a number of examinations.
要进入大学你必须通过一系列考试。
I borrowed some money to get a new car.
为了买辆新车，我借了些钱。
复合句是英语语法中的一个重要组成部分，它通过连接主句和从句来构建更为复杂和丰富的语言表达。在复合句中，主句是句子的核心，它可以独立存在，而从句则起到补充和修饰的作用，不能独立成句。
名词从句在复合句中充当名词的角色，可以作为主语、宾语或表语。常见的名词从句引导词有that和what。
关系从句用来修饰名词或代词，引导词有who, whom, that, which, whose等。
状语从句用来修饰动词、形容词或其他副词，表示时间、地点、原因、条件、让步、目的、结果和比较等。
现在分词结构可以代替时间、原因、关系等从句，但要求主句和分词结构的主语一致。
过去分词结构常用于正式文体，代替被动语态。
不定式结构通常用来表示目的或条件。
通过以上分析，我们可以看到复合句的构成是多样化的，通过合理运用连词、分词结构和不定式，我们可以构建出丰富而精确的语言表达。掌握这些结构对于提高英语水平和进行有效沟通至关重要。