Lesson 59 In or out?

【New words and expressions】（8） 

bark v. 狗叫

press v. 按，压

paw n. 脚爪

latch n. 门闩

expert n. 专家

develop v. 养成

habit n. 习惯

remove v. 拆掉，取下

★bark v. 狗叫

The dog is barking.

sb. is barking. 某人在咆哮

★press v. 按, 压

① vt.&vi. 按，挤，压

She pressed my hand warmly. 她热情地握我的手。

Can you press that button for me please?

② vt. 挤取，榨取（……的汁）

This is the time of the year when they press their grapes.

If you prefer juice, you can press some oranges.

③ vt. 催促，敦促，竭力劝说

My parents pressed me to enter for the competition.

I don’t like to be pressed. 我不喜欢被人催促。

pressure n. 压, 压力, 电压, 压迫, 强制, 紧迫

★paw n. 脚爪

cat's paw 被利用的人(由寓言而来)

I don't want to be a cat's paw我才不想被人利用

★latch n. 门闩

latch n. 门闩（庭院，花园中的门闩）

bar n. 门闩（与latch不同）

★expert n. 专家

expert at/in sth. 在某一方面是专家

expert at/in doing sth. 

expert at/in opening the door

★develop v. 养成

① vt. &vi. 发展，扩展

The village has developed into a town now.

Do you believe that you can develop your mind through watching TV?

你相信通过看电视能开发你的智力吗？

It’s hard to develop your business in this city.

developing skills 发展技巧 

fluency in English 流利英语 （fluency n.流利, 流畅, 雄辩）

developing country 发展中国家 ； developed country 发达国家

V-ed 强调已经，V-ing 强调正在，有时态的区别

boiling water 滚开水 ； boiled water 开水

develop the film 冲洗胶卷

② vt. &vi.（逐渐）显现出，产生，获得，养成

She developed an interest in swimming. 她对游泳产生了兴趣。

★habit n. 习惯(指个人习惯)

custom n. 风俗，习俗 ； customs n. 海关 ； customer n. 顾客

★remove v. 拆掉, 取下

remove sth. from 从……挪走

【Text】

Our dog, Rex, used to sit outside our front gate and bark. Every time he wanted to come into the garden he would bark until someone opened the gate. As the neighbours complained of the noise, my husband spent weeks training him to press his paw on the latch to let himself in. Rex soon became an expert at opening the gate. However, when I was going out shopping last week, I noticed him in the garden near the gate. This time he was barking so that someone would let him out! Since then, he has developed another bad habit. As soon as he opens the gate from the outside, he comes into the garden and waits until the gate shuts. Then he sits and barks until someone lets him out. After this he immediately lets himself in and begins barking again. Yesterday my husband removed the gate and Rex got so annoyed we have not seen him since.

参考译文

我家的狗雷克斯, 过去常坐在大门外面叫. 每当它想到花园里来时, 便汪汪叫个不停, 直到有人把门打开. 由于邻居们对狗叫很有意见, 所以我丈夫花了几个星期的时间训练它用脚爪按住门闩把自己放进来. 雷克斯很快成了开门的专家. 然而上星期我正要出去买东西时, 发现它正呆在花园里边靠门的地方. 这次它叫着让人把它放出去!从那以后, 它养成了另外一种坏习惯. 它从外面把门一打开, 就走进花园, 等着门自动关上. 这之后他就坐下汪汪叫起来, 直到有人来把它放出去. 出去之后, 它又马上把自己放进来, 接着再开始叫. 昨天, 我丈夫把大门卸了下来, 雷克斯很生气, 此后我们便再也没有见到它. 

【课文讲解】

1、Our dog, Rex, used to sit outside our front gate and bark.

front gate 前门

would＝used to 过去常常

2、Every time he wanted to come into the garden he would bark until someone opened the gate.

The dog used to bark the front gate to let(make) somebody open the door.

every time＝when 每当，每次，无论何时（后面可以是点时间，也可以是段时间）

Every time I turn to lesson 59, I will remember my teacher.

the moment＝as soon as 一……就……(强调的是瞬间)

3、As the neighbours complained of the noise, my husband spent weeks training him to press his paw on the latch to let himself in.

complaim of… 抱怨……

sb. spend time (in) doing sth./on sth. 花费某段时间去做某事（人作主语）

Why don’t you spend more time on studies?

I spent two weeks (in) reading this book.

It takes sb. some times to do sth. 某事花了某人多少时间（事情做主语）

train sb. to do sth. 训练某人做某事

let sb. do sth. 让某人做某事

let sb. in 让某人进来 ； let sb. out 让某人出去 

let sb. down 让某人失望

press his paw on the latch = press the latch

press the button / press the figure on the button

4、Rex soon became an expert at opening the gate.

become an expert at doing sth. 成了……能手/专家/权威

John is an expert at driving a car.

She is an expert in flowers.

Sam is an expert on that problem.

5、However, when I was going out shopping last week, I noticed him in the garden near the gate.

going out shopping 加了out 强调外出

6、Yesterday my husband removed the gate and Rex got so annoyed we have not seen him since.

so…that… 如此……以至于，结果状语从句，可以省略一个词，so 或 that 都可以

so that 以便于……，为了（目的状语从句）

This time he was barking so that someone would let him out!

since(在句尾) = since then : 从那时起到现在为止

【Special difficulties】

To，In order to，So as to，So that，In order that表达目的几种方式

带to的不定式及in order to和so as to可以用来表示目的：

I went to live in France to/in order to/so as to learn French.

not to可以用来表示取舍：

I went to France not to study French, but to study chemics.

so as not to/in order not to可以用于表示“以防”：

I shut the door quietly, so as not to/in order not to wake the bady.

在bring，buy，need，take，use，want等动词后经常用宾语加to不定式，用来表示宾语的目的。

I need a spoon to eat this ice cream with.

连词so that，in order that可以引导目的状语从句。目的状语从句必须具备一个特征, 在动词前面一定要出现情态动词，当主句用一般现在时、现在完成时或一般将来时的时候，so that和in order that后面可以跟may，can或will；当主句用一般过去时、过去进行时或过去完成时的时候，so that和in order that后面可以跟should，could，might或would。

I’ve arrived early so that/ in order that I may/ can /will get the tickets.

I arrivd early so that/in order that I might not miss anything.

当前后主语不一致时，不定式前面加for +名词/代词比that结构更简洁，不定式的逻辑主语for sb. to do sth.

He was barking for someone to let him out.

=He was barking so that someone would let him out.

【Multiple choice questions】

6 He was barking ___a___let him in.

a. for someone to b. in case someone 

c. so someone to d. so that someone

so that引导目的状语从句

in case+从句 以防万一, 如果 (状语从句,不会出现将来式)

Bring your umbrella in case it rains.

so表示结果，引导句子，so 一旦出现会加句子，而to 是不定式是非谓语

to do sth. 不定式做目的状语

for sb. to do sth. = so that sb. do sth.

7 As soon as he___b___ the gate from the outside he comes into the garden.

a. will open b.opens c. is opening d. has been opening

as soon as引导状语从句，状语从句中使用一般现在时取代一般将来时

be opening强调动作正在发生

has been doing现在完成进行时强调从过去延续到现在,并且不将延续

【语法 Grammar in use】

1．复习第50～58课语法

2．表示目的的几种方式：to, in order to, so as to, so that, in order that

（1）带to的不定式及其变体in order to和so as to 可以用来表示目的：

I went to live in France to/in order to/so as to learn French.

我去法国居住，以便学习法语。

not to可以用于表示取舍：

I went to France not to study French, but to study chemics.

我去法国不是为了学法语，而是为了学化学。

so as not to/in order not to可以用于表示“以防”：

I shut the door quietly, so as not to/in order not to wake the baby.

为了不惊醒婴儿，我轻轻地关上门。

在bring, buy, need, take, use, want等动词后经常用宾语+不定式（而不用宾语+in order to/so as to），不定式表示用宾语的目的：

I want something to drink.

我想要一点喝的东西。

I need a spoon to eat this ice cream with.

我需要一把汤匙来吃这冰淇淋。

Bring me a chair to sit on.

给我拿一把椅子来坐。

（2）连词 so that, in order that可以引导目的状语从句。当主句用一般现在时、现在完成时或一般将来时的时候，so that和 in order that后面可以跟may, can或will。so that比in order that更为普遍：

I've arrived early so that/in order that I may/can/will get the tickets.

我到得早，以便能买到票。

当主句中的动词为一般过去时、过去进行时或过去完成时的时候， so that和in order that后面跟should, could, might或would:

I arrived early so that/in order that I should/could/might/would get the tickets.

（译文同上）

so that和in order that后面的否定形式如下：

I arrived early so that/in order that I might not miss anything.

我到得很早，以免错过什么。（否定句中不可用could,可用should, would等）

（3）相比之下，带to, so as to和 in order to的结构比带that的结构要简单、自然，所以多为人使用：

I arrived early so as not to/in order not to miss anything.（译文同上）

当前后主语不一致时，不定式前面加for+名词/代词比that结构更简洁