Lesson 67 Volcanoes

【New words and expressions】(12) 

volcano n. 火山

active adj. 活动的

Kivu n. 基伍湖

Congo n. 刚果

Kituro n. 基图罗

erupt v. (火山)喷发

violently adv. 猛烈地,剧烈地

manage v. 设法

brilliant adj. 精彩的

liquid adj. 液态的;n. 液体

escape v. 逃脱

alive adj. 活着的

★active adj. 活动的

active adj. 积极的 

passive adj. 消极的, 被动的

★violently adv. 猛烈地, 剧烈地

violent adj. 猛烈的, 激烈的, 暴力引起的, 强暴的

violence n. 猛烈, 强烈, 暴力, 暴虐, 暴行, 强暴

★manage v. 设法

manage to do sth. = try to do sth. and succeed

I can manage it. = I can manage it myself. = I can do it.

★escape v. 逃脱

① v. 逃脱

escape sth. 

escape death 死里逃生

escape doing sth. 

He escape punishment/being punished.

② n. 逃脱

narrow escape 九死一生 

★alive adj. 活着的

alive 做定语时一定要放在被修饰词后面, 属于表语形容词,后置定语 

light ahead 前面的灯光

Every man alive has his/her own troubles.

living sth. 活着的……

living elephant 活着的象

live 

① adj. 现场的,活着的(永远不和人连用)

live concert 现场演唱会 

live fish 活鱼(不能和人连)

② v. 活着

【Text】

Haroun Tazieff, the Polish scientist, has spent his lifetime studying active volcanoes and deep caves in all parts of the world. In 1948, he went to Lake Kivu in the Congo to observe a new volcano which he later named Kituro. Tazieff was able to set up his camp very close to the volcano while it was erupting violently. Though he managed to take a number of brilliant photographs, he could not stay near the volcano for very long. He noticed that a river of liquid rock was coming towards him. It threatened to surround him completely, but Tazieff managed to escape just in time. He waited until the volcano became quiet and he was able to return two days later. This time, he managed to climb into the mouth of Kituro so that he could take photographs and measure temperatures. Tazieff has often risked his life in this way. He has been able to tell us more about active volcanoes than any man alive.

参考译文

波兰科学家哈罗恩·塔捷耶夫花了毕生的精力来研究世界各地的活火山和深洞. 1948年他去了刚果的基伍湖, 对一座后来被他命名为基图罗的新火山进行观察. 当火山正在猛烈地喷发时, 塔捷耶夫有办法把帐篷搭在离它非常近的地方. 尽管他设法拍了一些十分精彩的照片, 但他却不能在火山附近停留太长的时间. 他发现有一股岩浆正向他流过来, 眼看就要将他团团围住, 但塔捷耶夫还是设法及时逃离了. 他等到火山平静下来, 两天以后又返回去. 这次他设法爬进了基图罗火山口, 以便能拍摄照片和测试温度. 塔捷耶夫经常冒这样的生命危险. 他能告诉我们的有关活火山的情况比任何在世的人都要多. 

【课文讲解】

1、Haroun Tazieff, the Polish scientist, has spent his lifetime studying active volcanoes and deep caves in all parts of the world.

spend some time (in) doing sth. 花多少时间干……

lifetime n. 毕生精力

spend most of his lifetime 花了毕生大部分精力

spend his lifetime 花了毕生精力

in all parts of the world 世界各地的

2、Tazieff was able to set up his camp very close to the volcano while it was erupting violently.

close to 离……很近,与……靠近

He parked the car close to the river.

Don’t sit so close to the fire.

for long=for a long time

3、He noticed that a river of liquid rock was coming towards him.

=He notice a river of liquid rock coming towards him.

notice that + 宾语从句

notice sth.

notice sb. do/doing sth. 注意到某人做某事/正在做某事

a river of… ……形成的河流 

a river of soil and stone 泥石流

Rivers of blood flowed during World war II. (rivers of blood 血流成河)

When she heard the news, a river of tears came down her face.

4、It threatened to surround him completely, but Tazieff managed to escape just in time.

threaten to 威胁着要……,有迹象表明……

He threatened to leave the team. 他扬言要离开这个队。

in time 及时,来得及,just表示“正好,差一点”

I caught the train just in time.

Shall we still be in time for/to see the performance?

5、This time, he managed to climb into the mouth of Kituro so that he could take photographs and measure temperatures.

manage to do sth. 设法做到某事,努力完成某事(虽然很费劲,但仍然做到/完成某事)

try to do sth. 设法做某事,努力做某事(但并不一定成功)

the mouth of Kituro 火山口

so that 以便于(目的状语从句),一定含有情态动词

6、Tazieff has often risked his life in this way.

risk one’s life 冒着生命危险

take a risk of… =at a risk of… 冒着……的危险

risk sth.=risk losing sth. 冒着失去……的危险

risk doing sth. 冒着做……的危险

7、He has been able to tell us more about active volcanoes than any man alive.

在两相比较中, 如果前者属于后者, 那一定要在比较时用other, else排除前者

than any other man alive

【Key structures】 

Can, Be able to and Manage to

表示能力时用can/could,在将来时中表示“能力”时通常用will be able to,在表示成功地完成过去某个动作时用was able to而不用could。

He thought he could pass the exam easily, but he failed.

I can’t remember where I’ve seen him.

Jane can’t swim yet. She’ll be able to swim in a few months’ time.

manage to在表示成功地完成过去某个动作时,经常代替be able to,它更强调“虽然困难很大,但仍然……”。在否定句中,manage to与be able to经常可以互换。

He was able to finish the job yesterday. (表示可能)

He managed to finish the job yesterday. (暗示他克服了不少困难才完成)

What do you think of the film?

I’m afraid I haven’t managed to/been able to see it yet.

【Special Difficulties】 

带 say与tell的短语

1、say

在表示“说,讲”时,say后面不跟间接宾语(人)。如果一定要指明,则用“to +名词/代词”。表示“道别,诵读(祈祷),背诵”等含义时用say而不能用tell。say有“表达(思想、意见等)”、“据说”含义,tell则没有。

John is said to be very interested in art.

Do you have anything to say about the accident? 

关于这次事故你有什么想说的/想法?

He knelt down and said his prayers. 他跪了下来作祷告. 

He said goodbye and left. 他告辞后离开了. 

say a good word for 为……说好话/辩护;推荐

Don’t expect that he’ll say a good word for you.

2、tell

在表示“说,讲”时,tell后面可以跟双宾语。tell经常用于表示“讲(实话,谎话,秘密等)”。tell可以表示“辨别,分辨”,say则不可以。在英国英语中,tell the time(美语为tell time)表示根据钟表等“说出时间,识钟”

Can you tell me anything about it? 你能告诉我有关的任何事情吗?

He is only five, but he can already tell the time.

tell (sb.) a lie 说谎(谎言有很多个,为可数名词)

He often tells lies. 他经常说谎. 

tell (sb.) the truth 讲真话(真话只有一个,故要特指, 加the)

I want you to tell me the truth. 我要你讲真话. 

tell (sb.) the difference between 区分, 区别

Can't you tell the difference between an Austin and a Morris? 

你能区分奥斯丁舞和莫利斯舞吗?

say和tell后面跟so时含义不一样:

I told you so! 我告诉过你是这样的!(用于情况被证实之后)

Who says so? 谁这么说的?

I say so. 我这么说的。

【Multiple choice questions】 

4 He escaped just in time. He__d__ escaped.

(a)just only (b)only (c)soon (d) only just

only just =almost not 差点就没有

7 He has been able to tell us a lot __b__volcanoes.

(a) considering (b) on the subject of 

(c) in relation (d) referring

on the subject of=about

(朝向)towards=in the direction of (direction)

12 He has told us more than any __d__person.

(a)alive (b)lively (c)live (d)living

lively adj. 活泼的,充满生机的 

a lively girl

【语法 Grammar in use】

表示“能力”的情态助动词及其他有关的动词: can/ could, be able to与 manage to

(1)在第43课的语法中,我们学习了表示“能力”的 can/could。用将来时的句子中表示“能力”时通常用 will be able to, 在表示成功地完成过去某个动作时用was able to而不用could:

I can't remember where I've seen him.

我想不起来我在什么地方见过他。

I can sing some songs, but I can't play the piano.

我会唱一些歌,但我不会弹钢琴。

He thought he could pass the exam easily, but he failed.

他以为他能轻易地通过考试,结果他没通过。

After Byrd had ordered his men to throw out two heavy food sacks, the plane was then able to rise.

在伯德命令他的助手们扔掉两个沉重的食物袋之后,飞机才可以上升了。

Jane can't swim yet. She'll be able to swim in a few months time.

简不会游泳。再过几个月她就会游泳了。

(2)表示“能力”的另一种方式是用 manage to。在表示成功地完成过去某个动作时,它经常代替 be able to。与 be able to相比,它更强调“虽然困难很大,但仍能……”这种含义。

如果把最后这句话改成:He was able to watch it after all(他最终看了那场比赛),那么他就不一定是克服困难才看到比赛,而可能是因为情况有变化等。


情态助动词 "can" 和 "could" 以及其他相关动词,如 "be able to" 和 "manage to",在英语中用来表达能力或成功地完成某个动作。以下是对这些表达方式的详细解释和用法说明:

  1. Can/Could
    • 含义:表示现在或过去的能力。
    • 用法:"Can" 用于现在时,"Could" 用于过去时或作为现在时的委婉语气。
    • 例句:I can't remember where I've seen him.(我想不起来我在什么地方见过他。)
    • 例句:I can sing some songs, but I can't play the piano.(我会唱一些歌,但我不会弹钢琴。)
  2. Be Able To
    • 含义:表示有能力做某事,特别是在将来或经过努力之后。
    • 用法:"Will be able to" 用于将来时,"Was able to" 用于过去时。
    • 例句:After Byrd had ordered his men to throw out two heavy food sacks, the plane was then able to rise.(在伯德命令他的助手们扔掉两个沉重的食物袋之后,飞机才可以上升了。)
    • 例句:Jane can't swim yet. She'll be able to swim in a few months' time.(简现在还不会游泳。再过几个月她就会游泳了。)
  3. Manage To
    • 含义:表示尽管有困难或挑战,但最终成功地完成了某个动作。
    • 用法:常用于过去时,强调克服困难或挑战。
    • 例句:He thought he could pass the exam easily, but he failed.(他以为他能轻易地通过考试,结果他没通过。)这里没有使用 "manage to",因为没有成功。
    • 例句:He managed to watch it after all.(他最终设法看了那场比赛。)这里强调的是克服了某些困难或障碍。
  4. Be Able To 与 Manage To 的区别
    • "Be able to" 更一般性地表示有能力做某事,而 "manage to" 更强调在困难情况下的成功。
    • 例句:He was able to watch it after all.(他最终看了那场比赛。)这里没有强调困难,只是表明他最终做到了。
    • 例句:He managed to watch it after all.(他最终设法看了那场比赛。)这里强调了他克服了困难。

通过以上解释,我们可以看到 "can/could", "be able to" 和 "manage to" 在表达能力或成功完成动作时的不同用法和侧重点。理解这些差异有助于我们更准确地表达自己的意思,并根据上下文选择最合适的表达方式。


在英语中,"say" 和 "tell" 是两个常用的动词,它们都与说话或传达信息有关,但它们的用法和含义有所不同。以下是对这两个动词及其相关短语的详细解释和用法说明:

  1. Say
    • 用法:"say" 用于直接引语或表达说话的内容。它后面不跟间接宾语,如果要指明听话者,需要使用 "to + 名词/代词"。
    • 例句:Do you have anything to say about the accident?(关于这次事故你有什么想说的/想法?)
    • 特殊含义:"say" 用于特定的表达,如 "say goodbye"(道别),"say prayers"(诵读祈祷),"say a good word for"(为……说好话/辩护)等。
    • 例句:John is said to be very interested in art.(据说约翰对艺术非常感兴趣。)
  2. Tell
    • 用法:"tell" 可以用于直接和间接引语,表示传达信息、讲述故事或说谎。它后面可以跟双宾语结构,即 "tell someone something"。
    • 例句:Can you tell me anything about it?(你能告诉我有关它的任何事情吗?)
    • 特殊含义:"tell" 用于表示讲实话、谎话、秘密等,也可以表示辨别或分辨,如 "tell the time"(说出时间)。
    • 例句:He is only five, but he can already tell the time.(他才五岁,但他已经能看表了。)
  3. 相关短语
    • Say a good word for:为……说好话/辩护。
      • 例句:Don’t expect that he’ll say a good word for you.(别指望他会为你说好话。)
    • Tell a lie:说谎(可数名词,指具体的谎言)。
      • 例句:He often tells lies.(他经常说谎。)
    • Tell the truth:讲真话(不可数名词,指真实的情况)。
      • 例句:I want you to tell me the truth.(我要你告诉我真相。)
    • Tell the difference between:区分,区别。
      • 例句:Can't you tell the difference between an Austin and a Morris?(你难道不能区分奥斯丁和莫利斯吗?)
  4. Say 和 Tell 后面跟 "so" 的用法
    • I told you so:我告诉过你是这样的!(用于情况被证实之后)。
    • Who says so?:谁这么说的?
    • I say so:我这么说的。

通过以上解释,我们可以看到 "say" 和 "tell" 在英语中的用法和含义有所不同,它们各自适用于特定的语境和表达。掌握这些差异有助于我们更准确地表达自己的意思,并根据上下文选择最合适的动词。