Lesson 5 The facts
词汇
editor ['edɪtə(r)] n. 编辑
editor of …
the editor of the Washington Post editors of newspapers and magazines chief editor = editor in chief
edit vt. 编辑
Janet edited books for a variety of publishers. Her original text has been heavily edited.
edition n. 版，版本，版次
a paperback / hard-cover / de luxe edition
the first edition
a revised edition
in its sixth edition
editorial n. 社论 adj. 编辑的；社论的
6级听力
a. At a book store.
b. At an art museum.
c. At a newspaper office.
d. At a gymnasium.
原文：
M: Mary is in charge of the art and music section; and Charles the sports page. What are you? W: I’m responsible for the editorials.
Q: Where does the woman work?
Answer: (C) At a newspaper office.
托福听力：
a. Find the newspaper editor.
b. Find a job working as a reporter.
c. Stay awake for the midnight news program.
d. Prepare an editorial for this week's newspaper.
原文：
M: What are you working on so diligently?
W: An editorial for the newspaper. If I miss the midnight deadline, it won't be printed until next
week.
Q: What is the woman trying to do?
Answer: (D) Prepare an editorial for this week's newspaper.
听力：
a. Looking in the library card catalog.
b. Studying for an exam.
c. Reading the newspaper.
d. Exercising in the gym.
原文
M: Would you pass me the sports section, please?
W: Sure. If you give me the classified ads and editorial section.
Q: What are the people doing?
Answer: (C) Reading the newspaper.
extreme [ɪk'stri:m] n. 极端
go to extremes 走极端
Editors of newspapers and magazines often go to extremes to provide their readers with unimportant facts and statistics.
This is a rare occurrence as our climate seldom goes to extremes.
from one extreme to the other 从一个极端走向另一个极端
In terms of healthy eating I go from one extreme to the other.
between two extremes 在两个极端之间
The public's views on genetic engineering seem to range between two extremes.
extreme adj. 极端的，特别
Extreme poverty still exists in many rural areas.
It is necessary to use extreme care / caution with chemicals.
Force is only justified in extreme circumstances.
extremely adv. 非常，极其；极端地
be extremely difficult / important / useful /complicated / pleased / grateful …
Though it may be possible to measure the value of material goods in terms of money, it is extremely difficult to estimate the true value of the services which people perform for us.
But I was extremely pleased with myself. I had traced the cause of the trouble.
journalist ['dʒɜ:nəlɪst] n. 记者
reporter n. 记者
columnist 专栏记者
correspondent 住地记者/题材记载
our Middle East correspondent 驻中东记者
Our correspondent in South Africa sent this report.
a war / sports / education / political correspondent
journalism n. 新闻业，新闻工作；报章杂志
a career in journalism 在新闻工作方面的职业生涯
I plan to study journalism at college. 新闻学
美剧原文
T: I see under “activities” that you’ve been writing for the school paper.
S: Yes, sir.
T: What kinds of articles have you written?
S: All kinds―sports, editorials, theater reviews. You name it, I’ve written it.
T: Hmmm. Well, have you ever thought of becoming a journalist?
S: A professional writer? Not until recently.
T: Michigan has a fine School of Journalism.
S: Yes, I know that.
T: You seem to have some reservations.
S: I'm a little uncertain.
publish ['pʌblɪʃ] v. 出版
This book is published by Oxford University Press.
同根词：publisher publishing
She chose publishing as a career.
the press 舆论界，新闻界，报界
the freedom of the press 新闻自由
In democratic countries any efforts to restrict the freedom of the press are rightly condemned.
issue 出版发行（邮票….）
A new series of stamps will be issued to commemorate the event.
go to press 交付印刷
Meanwhile, the editor was getting impatient, for the magazine would soon go to press.
pirate v. 非法出版
pirated CDs / books / software
impatient [ɪm'peɪʃnt] adj. 不耐烦的
become / get / grow impatient (with sb. / sth.) 变得不耐心
Meanwhile, the editor was getting impatient, for the magazine would soon go to press.
We are growing impatient with the lack of results.
be impatient to do sth. 等的不耐烦了做某事
Many graduates are impatient to become managers.
She intended to dress up as a ghost and as she had made her costume the night before, she was impatient to try it on.
“急切做某事”词组
be eager / anxious / itching / dying / desperate to do …
can’t wait to do …
同根词：
impatience patience patient
fire ['faɪə(r)] v. 解雇
fire / dismiss sb. from … 解雇
I've just been fired from my job, and I don't know what to do.
She claims she was unfairly dismissed from her post.
The poor girl was dismissed instantly.
lose one’s job 丢掉工作
Many people won't complain about pay and conditions because they're terrified of losing their jobs.
lay off 使某人下岗，短期解聘
Millions of people have been laid off in the steel industry.
laid-off workers 下岗工人
suspend 停职察看
The two police officers have been suspended until an enquiry is carried out.
depose 罢免
King Charles I was deposed from the English throne in 1646.
originally [ə'rɪdʒənəli] adv. 最初，以前，原来
英文解释：in the beginning, before other things happened or before things changed.
The building was originally used as a prison.
His novels were originally published in serial form in a magazine.
听力：
It was not very good.
It will continue the following week.
The woman probably won't attend it.
There will be two seminars instead of four.
听力原文：
W: The seminar originally scheduled for today has been cancelled.
M: Too bad, but it'll still be on for next week, isn't it?
Q: What does the man assume about the seminar?
Answer: (B) It will continue the following week.
at the beginning / start 在最初，刚开始的时候
She was nervous at the beginning but she settled down as she got further into her speech.
at first / initially 在最初，刚开始的时候
They offered her the job, initially on a temporary basis but later as a full member of the staff.
to start with / to begin with 在最初，刚开始的时候
Even children who are healthy to begin with wouldn't survive long in these terrible conditions.
同根词
origin n. 起源；原点；出身；开端
All this seems to me to link them with life, and the origins of things.
We must conclude from the work of those who have studied the origin of life, that given a planet only approximately like our own, life is almost certain to start.
original adj. 原始的；最初的；
the original meaning of the word
At the Stewart family home on Linden Street yesterday, a group of caring Riverdale citizens gathered to plan the refurbishing of the old library, to transform it into a new community center. The original plan by the council was tabled because of lack of funds. The new plan needs you.
original adj. 独创的；新颖的
the original meaning of the word a highly original design
originality n. 创意；独创性，创造力；原始；新奇
A lot of his designs lack originality.
a young writer of great originality
课文
原文
Editors of newspapers and magazines often go to extremes to provide their readers with unimportant facts and statistics.
Last year a journalist had been instructed by a well-known magazine to write an article on the president's palace in a new African republic.
When the article arrived, the editor read the first sentence and then refused to publish it.
The article began: 'Hundreds of steps lead to the high wall which surrounds the president's palace.'
The editor at once sent the journalist a fax instructing him to find out the exact number of steps and the height of the wall.
The journalist immediately set out to obtain these important facts, but he took a long time to send them. Meanwhile, the editor was getting impatient, for the magazine would soon go to press.
He sent the journalist two more faxes, but received no reply.
He sent yet another fax informing the journalist that if he did not reply soon he would be fired.
When the journalist again failed to reply, the editor reluctantly published the article as it had originally been written.
A week later, the editor at last received a fax from the journalist.
Not only had the poor man been arrested, but he had been sent to prison as well.
However, he had at last been allowed to send a fax in which he informed the editor that he had been arrested while counting the 1,084 steps leading to the fifteen-foot wall which surrounded the president's palace.
报刊杂志的编辑常常为了向读者提供成立一些关紧要的事实和统计数字而走向极端。
去年，一位记者受一家有名的杂志的委托写一篇关于非洲某个新成立共和国总统府的文章。
稿子寄来后，编辑看第一句话就拒绝予以发表。
文章的开头是这样的：“几百级台阶通向环绕总统的高墙。”
编辑立即给那位记者发去传真，要求他核实一下台阶的确切数字和围墙的高度。
记者立即出发去核实这些重要的事实，但过了好长时间不见他把数字寄来，在此期间，编辑等得不耐烦了，因为杂志马上要付印。
他给记者先后发去两份传真，但对方毫无反应。
于是他又发了一份传真，通知那位记者说，若再不迅速答复，将被解雇。
但记者还是没有回复。编辑无奈，勉强按原样发稿了。
一周之后，编辑终于接到记者的传真。
精讲
Editors of newspapers and magazines often go to extremes to provide their readers with unimportant facts and statistics.
go to extremes to do sth 过分地……，在某方面走极端
造句：女孩子常常在减肥方面走极端。
Girls often go to extremes to lose weight.
造句：有些父母常常过分地满足孩子的需要。
Some parents often go to extremes to satisfy the needs of their children.
造句：阿尔弗雷德·布洛格斯过分地追求 (seek) 成为白领工人的特权。
Alfred Bloggs went to extremes to seek the privilege of becoming a white-collar worker.
provide sb. with sth.
= provide sth. for sb. 为某人提供某事（两个搭配，避免文章中头重脚轻，短的在前）
If you can do without the few pastoral pleasures of the country, you will find the city can provide you with the best that life can offer.
Colleges provide accommodation for all first-year undergraduate students.
offer sb. sth. 为某人提供某事（注意没有介词）
= offer sth. to sb.
They offered him a very good job, but he turned it down.
The drama school offers places to students who can show talent.
“表不重要的”
unimportant
trivial
trifling
insignificant
英文表达细节：短的在前
facts and statistics
fruit and vegetables
fur and feather / birds and beasts （飞禽走兽）
bed and board / food and shelter （食宿）
food, shelter, clothing and transportation
造句：某些网站常常过份地给访问者提供令人眼花缭乱的大量的信息。
Films, videos, CDs and CD-ROMS are just some of the bewildering amount of information they will have.
Some websites often go to extremes to provide their visitors with a bewildering amount of information.
Last year a journalist had been instructed by a well-known magazine to write an article on the president's palace in a new African republic.
instruct sb. in sth. 教某人某个方面的事情
I instruct a class in history.
instructor instruct / direct sb. to do 命令某人做某事（客观，正式场合）
I have been instructed by the company to offer you a refund.
The judge directed the defendant to remain silent.
order sb. to do 命令某人做某事（用在有权威的人对普通人发布的命令）
The policeman ordered the motorist to stop.
command sb. to do 命令某人做某事（军队场合）
The officer commanded his men to open fire.
英文表达细节：被动语态突出动作承受着
Last year a journalist（被动，突出） had been instructed by a well-known magazine to write an article on the president's palace in a new African republic.
Some time ago, and interesting discovery（被动，突出） was made by archaeologists on the Aegean island of Kea.
Four days after setting out, while the Titanic was sailing across the icy waters of the North Atlantic, a huge iceberg was suddenly spotted by a look-out.
A radio message from the mainland （被动，突出）had been received by the ship's captain instructing him to give up the search.
article on / about sth. (by sb.) 关于某题材的文章
An article on / about education by Mr. Smith.
When the article arrived, the editor read the first sentence and then refused to publish it.
come/arrive 到达
The card arrived on my birthday.
A letter came for you this morning.
When reports came into London Zoo that a wild puma had been spotted forty-five miles south of London, they were not taken seriously.
造句：当 Jane 收到信时，读完第一句话就哭了。
When the letter came / arrived, Jane read the first sentence and then cried.
The article began: 'Hundreds of steps lead to the high wall which surrounds the president's palace'.
数词短语
dozens of (数十)/ scores of (数十)/ hundreds of / thousands of / millions of + 复数名词
tens of thousands of (数万)/ hundreds of thousands of （数十万）+ 复数名词
thousands upon thousands of （成千上万）+ 复数名词
lead to … 到达/导致
All roads lead to Rome.
The path led to a tiny village perched on the steep sides of a mountain.
This led to yet another angry argument.（导致）
surround
be surround by …. 被包围….
Needless to say our house is now surrounded by a jungle.
Looking up I saw that we were surrounded by children in rags who were looking at us silently as we ate.
surrounding 附近的周围的
Winter was coming on and the hills threatened the surrounding villages with destruction, for heavy rain would not only wash away the soil but would cause serious floods as well.
The editor at once sent the journalist a fax instructing him to find out the exact number of steps and the height of the wall.
Instructing做a fax的后置定语
send sb. a fax / a letter / an email / a card 给某人发送传真…..
get / receive a fax / a letter / an email / a card from …
find 和 find out 混淆
find out: get information 获得信息
find : 找到
She wanted to find out whether it would be comfortable to wear.
One night, the gaoler decided to play a joke on his colleague to find out if, after so many performances, he had managed to learn the contents of the letter by heart.
He could not find his fifty pence piece anywhere, and what is more, he could no get his arm out.
造句：这位经理立刻给他的秘书发了一封 email，要求她了解一下即将出席会议的确切人数。
The manager at once sent his secretary an email instructing her to find out the exact number of the people who will attend the meeting.
The journalist immediately set out to obtain these important facts, but he took a long time to send them.
set out : to start a journey, especially a long journey 动身出发
Both these ships set out from Shanghai on June 18th, 1872 on an exciting race to England.
Four days after setting out, while the Titanic was sailing across the icy waters of the North Atlantic, a huge iceberg was suddenly spotted by a look-out.
set out to do sth. begin a job, task, etc with a particular aim or goal 开始做某事
Dimitri at once set out to find the thief.
True eccentrics never deliberately set out to draw attention to themselves.
obtain v. 获取，采集
take 表“花费”，主语是人，事物，形式主语都可以…..
I went on an excursion recently, but my trip took me longer than I expected. (事物做主语)
Even if you travel in ideal weather, sea journeys take a long time. (事物做主语)
It took me over half an hour to get rid of him. (形式主语)
I took just ten minutes to solve that problem. (人做主语)
He always takes so long to eat his breakfast. (人做主语)
spend … on sth. / (in) doing sth. 主语必须是人
I argued that if I spent less time exhausting myself at exercises in the morning I would keep my mind fresh for reading when I got home from work.
One, to my certain knowledge, spent nine months on a novel about Kashmir, then reset the whole thing in the Scottish Highlands.
造句：这位秘书立刻着手核实 (verify) 这些重要的事实，但是她花了很长时间才完成。The secretary immediately set out to verify these important facts, but she took a long time to finish it.
Meanwhile, the editor was getting impatient, for the magazine would soon go to press.
“与此同时”：
meanwhile （副词做状语，单独使用）
at the same time
(in the) meantime （做名词必须加上介词短语做状语，副词单独使用）
I continued working. Meantime, he went out shopping.
It took the police nearly an hour to get the traffic on the move again. In the meantime, the lorry-driver had to sweep up hundreds of broken bottles.
He sent the journalist two more faxes, but received no reply.
one more … = another …
two more … = another two …
In another two weeks it'll be finished.
= In two more weeks it'll be finished.
He sent yet another fax informing the journalist that if he did not reply soon he would be fired.
did not 书面语中一般不用缩写
“又一个，再一个”，语气加强
yet/still …… one more / another / bigger …
This led to yet another angry argument.
yet/still one more example
He's given us yet/still more work to do.
Inflation had risen to a yet/still higher level.
托福听力：
A. The train will be overheated when it arrives.
B. It is too hot to wait any longer.
C. They are going to be late again.
D. They will have to schedule another dinner.
听力原文：
M: They said the train won't arrive until nine.
W: Well, what that boils down to is yet another delay in our schedule.
问题：
Q: What does the woman mean?
答案：
Answer: (C) They are going to be late again.
inform sb. of sth.
inform sb. that … （介词去掉，that不用在介词后）
in that …复合连词 = because
but / except that … 除了什么之外
造句：绑匪 (kidnapper) 又寄了一封匿名信 (anonymous letter)，通知老太太如果她报警，她就再也看不到她儿子了。
The kidnapper sent yet another anonymous letter informing the old lady that if she called the police she would never see her son again.
When the journalist again failed to reply, the editor reluctantly published the article as it had originally been written.
reluctantly = unwillingly 不情愿的
I did not fancy the idea and I reluctantly followed Robert out of the room.
The country was drawn unwillingly into the war.
造句：当再一次未能得到签证 (visa) 时，我们不情愿地按照原计划在国内旅行 (go on a domestic journey)。
When we again failed to get visas, we reluctantly went on a domestic journey as it had originally been planned.
A week later, the editor at last received a fax from the journalist. Not only had the poor man been arrested, but he had been sent to prison as well.
“不但…… 而且”
not only … but also …
not only … but …
not only … but … as well
This hobby educates one not only in the chosen subject, but also in general matters which have some bearing on it.
At that time, however, she was not only the largest ship that had ever been built, but was regarded as unsinkable, for she had sixteen water-tight compartments.
These days, advertisers not only offer free samples but free cars, free houses, and free trips round the world as well.
语法：部分倒装：只把助动词，be 动词(之前没有其他助动词)或情态动词置于主语之前。
1、否定词位于句首（如：not only, not until, neither, nor, never, hardly, barely, scarcely, few, little, rarely, seldom, under no circumstances, in no way, …）。
Not only had the poor man been arrested, but he had been sent to prison as well. Nor is the city without its moments of beauty.
Neither was I surprised when the train stopped at Widley, a tiny station a few miles along the line.
Never have I seen such a good movie.
Not until yesterday did little John change his mind.
Under no circumstances should you lend Paul any money.
2、“only + 状语” 位于句首。
only + 普通状语 ：只有….才
only + 时间状语 ：只到….才
Only then did he realize that he was mistaken. （only + 时间状语）
Only by working hard can we succeed in doing anything. （only + 普通状语）
Only after a baby seal is pushed into the sea by its mother will it learn how to swim. （only + 时间状语从句）
Only when he saw that the man was actually telephoning the police did he realize that they had all been the victims of a hoax. only + 时间状语从句）
3、such, so, well, often, many a time 等表示程度、频率的副词位于句首。
Such is human nature, that a great many people are often willing to sacrifice higher pay for the privilege of becoming white-collar workers.
So great is our passion for doing things for ourselves, that we are becoming increasingly less dependent on specialized labour.
Well did I know him and well did he know me.
often did it snow there.
Many a time has he given me good advice.
造句：你不但吓了我一跳，而且可能把村子里所有人都吵醒了。
Not only did you give me a surprise, but you've probably woken up everyone in the village as well.
造句：不但有几个人抱怨说在夜里听见了“像猫一样的噪音”，而且一位钓鱼途中的商人还看见那只美洲狮在树上。
Not only did several people complain of ‘cat-like noises’ at night, but a businessman on a fishing trip saw the puma up a tree as well.
However, he had at last been allowed to send a fax in which he informed the editor that he had been arrested while counting the 1,084 steps [leading to the fifteen-foot wall (which surrounded the president's palace)].
语法：状语从句的省略，状语从句中如果满足以下两个条件：
1．状语从句的主语与主句主语一致。
2．状语从句的谓语包含 be 动词。
则可同时省略状语从句的主语和其后的 be 动词。
However, he had at last been allowed to send a fax in which he informed the editor that he had been arrested while (he had been) counting the 1,084 steps leading to the fifteen-foot wall which surrounded the president's palace.
Metals expand when they are heated and contract when they are cooled.
Metals expand when heated and contract when cooled.
Francis Preston Blair Jr., although he was born in Kentucky, lived and practiced in Missouri.
Francis Preston Blair Jr., although born in Kentucky, lived and practiced in Missouri.
造句：来自于伦敦动物园的专家最终打了一个电话，在电话中他通知动物园说，这只美洲狮在正从一座古庙逃跑的时候被抓住了，这座古庙位于距离伦敦几乎有一百英里远的一座 200 米高的小山上。
The expert from London Zoo had at last made a telephone call in which he informed the zoo that the puma had been caught while escaping from an ancient temple standing on a 200-meter hill which was almost 100 miles from London.