Lesson7 Mutilated ladies
词汇
mutilate ['mju:tɪleɪt] v. 使残缺不全
He was mutilated in a car accident and lost one arm. The painting has been mutilated by a boy.
maim vt. 使残废
One man has lost his life; another has been maimed.
paralyze vt. 使麻痹；使瘫痪
The accident left him paralyzed from the waist down.
cripple n. 跛子；残废； vt. 削弱；使跛；使残废 adj. 跛的；残废的
disable vt. 使失去能力；使残废；使无资格
the disabled 残疾人
the handicapped 残疾人
the physically challenged 委婉表达“残疾”
the mentally challenged 委婉表达“弱智”
the horizontally challenged 委婉表达“肥胖”
the vertically challenged 委婉表达“侏儒”
chew [tʃu:]
v. 咀嚼
托福听力：
A. He spilled it on the table.
B. You have an aspirin, don't you?
C. You can sit on the pillow.
D. Swallow this tablet.
对话：
Here, take this pill, and don’t chew it. Answer:
答案：
(D) Swallow this tablet.
bite v. 咬；
bite off more than one can chew 试图做超出能力的事
swallow vt. 忍受；吞没 vi. 吞下；咽下
gobble vt. 狼吞虎咽
devour v. 吞食；毁灭
Only two stray dogs benefited from all this confusion, for they greedily devoured what was left of the cake.
nibble v. 细咬；一点一点地咬；吹毛求疵
Eagles catch snakes that gobble toads that swallow insects that nibble green leaves.
fiancé [fɪ'ɑ:nseɪ] n. 未婚夫
fiancée n. （法）未婚妻
husband-to-be 未婚夫 准丈夫
bride-to-be n. 待嫁新娘
groom / bridegroom n. 新郎
bride n. 新娘；
bridesmaid maid of honor n. 伴娘
groomsman best man n. 伴郎
newlyweds happy couple n. 新婚夫妇；
Armed with the right tools and materials, newlyweds gaily embark on the task of decorating their own homes.
oven ['ʌvn] n. 炉灶（没有明火）
microwave oven 微波炉
Michael Owen 发音相似
stove n. 火炉
gas cooker n. 瓦斯炉
fireplace n. 壁炉
furnace n. 火炉，熔炉，锅炉
spokeswoman ['spəuksˌwumən]n. 女发言人
spokeswoman
spokesman
spokesperson 政治正确的表达
chairman
chairwoman
chairperson 政治正确的表达
托福听力：
He thought Dr. Jeffries would get the job.
He's not sure Dr. Jeffries will be a good chairperson.
He doesn't know Dr. Jeffries very well.
He thought it took too long to make the decision.
对话：
W: The dean just announced that Dr. Jeffries is going to take over as Chairperson of the English Dept.
M: I knew it all along. He was the obvious choice.
答案：
What does the man mean?
Answer: (A) He thought Dr. Jeffries would get the job.
课文讲解
dead presidents 美钞
Has it ever happened to you?
happen to do 碰巧发生，to做不定式
sth. happen to sb. to是介词，happen这里做“发生了”
= come up 可相互替换
Has it ever come up to you?
sth. occur to sb. 某人想到了某事
A car accident happened to him. 发生到他身上
A good idea occurred to me. 我想到了一个好主意
Have you ever put your trousers in the washing machine and then remembered there was a large bank note in your back pocket?
remember / recall / recollect sth. 回忆起某个事情
remind sb. of sth. 使某人回忆起某事
We can perhaps forgive those who said the moons of Jupiter were produced by Galileo's spyglass if we recall that in his day, as for centuries before, curved glass was the popular contrivance for producing not truth but illusion, untruth; and if a single curved glass would distort nature, how much more would a pair of them?
She could no longer recollect the details of the letter.
As its composition and line reminded him of an Italian painting he knew well, he decided to buy it.
bank note / banknote / note 纸钞 （英）
bill 美钞 （美）
a fake / counterfeit $20 bill 假钞
Bill / William
Bill Clinton
Bill Gates
coin 硬币
change 零钱（不可数）
bill note coin 可数
I carry no change on me.
When you rescued your trousers, did you find the note was whiter than white?
rescue / save “救人/物“
When a passing tanker rescued them five days later, both men were genuinely sorry that they had to leave.
Vince is a fireman. Wow! Have you ever rescued anyone from a burning building before?
come / go to one’s rescue 来/去救某人
When John was in trouble, everyone went to his rescue.
pick up sb. 救起某人，尤其只用飞机、轮船救上来
The 'Antoinette' floated on the water until Latham was picked up by a ship.
salvage ... from ... 只能是就事物，不能是救人
He tried desperately to salvage belongings from the burning house.
The captain of the Elkor ordered his men to salvage as much as possible from the wreck.
savior / saviour n. 救世主；救星；救助者
a knight in shining armor 穿着闪亮盔甲的骑士
I don't know who you are, Nick. You just magically show up like some knight in shining armor, ready to save the day （力挽狂澜）...
People who live in Britain needn't despair when they make mistakes like this (and a lot of people do)!
口音重要的发音现象：鼻腔爆破 （nasal explosion）
[t] / [d] + [n]
Britain mutton certain
mountain didn’t student
despair of sb. 对某人绝望
despair of (doing) sth. 对某（做）某事绝望
The teachers began to despair of him.
Mike despaired of ever seeing her again.
in despair 绝望地的做某事，做状语
He killed himself in despair.
I gave up in despair.
I got up early next morning hoping to find that the ants had given up in despair.
With this faith, we will be able to hew out of the mountain of despair a stone of hope.
“and a lot of people do” do后面省略：
... and a lot of people despair when they make mistakes like this.
Fortunately for them（状语）, the Bank of England has a team（句子主干） called（过去词短语作后置定语修饰team） Mutilated Ladies which deals with claims from people who fed their money to a machine or to their dog（定语从句修饰people）.
deal with ... na. 办理；对待；与…交涉；与…交易，既可指处理具体事情，也可指处理或解决具有抽象意义的问题。
四级听力：
She made a mistake by taking too few courses in the first term.
The courses she took were too difficult for her.
She took too many courses during her first term.
She found it difficult to deal with college courses.
对话：
W: I had to deal with so many courses last term that I really had a hard time.
M: I told you it would be better for you if you took fewer courses during the first semester.
问题：
Q: What do we learn about the woman?
答案：
Answer: (C) She took too many courses during her first term.
attend to ... na. 照料(工作) 照顾；注意；处理
You hang up hurriedly and attend to baby, crockery, etc.
see to ... na. 注意；留心；当心；检查
Don’t worry about it. I’ll see to it later.
handle ... vt. 处理
Molly, I need your special talent for handling special matters.
tackle … vt. 处理
Many schools are now trying to tackle the problem of drug abuse.
cope with ... v. 对付；应付 处理；应对；解决
a seminar on ‘coping with stress in the workplace’
feed sth. to sb. 把某物喂给某人
feed sb. on sth. 把某物喂给某人
I fed raw meat to the dog.
I fed the dog on raw meat.
Well-fed, well-bred.
She fed two coins into the machine for a cup of coffee. 投币
语法：zeugma 轭式修辞
一个动词与多个名词搭配，表示不同的含义。
Clothes that fit the man and the times. 既合体又时尚
You’re free to execute your laws, and your citizens, as you see fit.
Dogs, it seems, love to chew up money!
正常一般语气：
It seems that dogs love to chew up money.
课文原文结合上下文，突出主次Dogs，it seems 降为插入语
Why, you may wonder（插入语）, should spiders be our friends? You may wonder why spiders are our friends.
突出主次对比
Many of us believe that economic development is of paramount importance to China.
Economic development, many of us believe, is of paramount importance to China.
A recent case concerns Jane Butlin whose fiance, John, runs a successful furniture business.
concern ... 有关于，（更正式，更适合书面语）
be about ... 有关于
A recent case is about Jane Butlin …
To whom it may concern,
One case concerns an eleven-year-old schoolgirl, Vera Petrova, who has normal vision but who can also perceive things with different parts of her skin, and through solid walls.
造句：最近一则新闻是有关于罗京, 中央电视台的一位著名播音员(newscaster), 因癌症而去世。
A recent piece of news concerns Luo Jing, a popular CCTV newscaster, who died of cancer.
主动被动都表“与…相关”
concern …
be concerned with …
The book concerns music.
The book is concerned with music.
a book concerning music （做介词）
a book concerned with music
run: be in charge of (sth); 经营，管理
manage 经营，管理
run a hotel / shop / language school 经营学校/商店/学校
John manages a successful furniture business.
John is in charge of a successful furniture business.
John had a very good day and put his wallet containing￡3,000 into the microwave oven for safekeeping.
Then he and Jane went horse-riding.
去做某事：
go fishing
go hunting
go camping
go bowling
go sight-seeing
go mountain-hiking
When they got home, Jane cooked their dinner in the microwave oven and without realizing it, cooked her fiancé's wallet as well.
介词短语引导原因状语：
... without knowing it, ...
... without being aware of it ...
Imagine their dismay when they found a beautifully-cooked wallet and notes turned to ash!
dismay: both shocked and discouraged 既震惊又沮丧
表“变成”：
turn to / into ...
change into ...
become
The caterpillar eventually turns to / into changes into becomes a beautiful butterfly.
turn 后面如果加名词做表语，只能加人的职务，身份，地位
The teacher turned writer.
He has turned traitor.
imagine one’s … when … 想象一下当某个时候某人的某种表现
Imagine his dismay when he found he took the wrong train.
Imagine her exultation when she received the admission notice from Beijing University.
John went to see his bank manager who sent the remains of wallet and the money to the special department of the Bank of England in Newcastle: the Mutilated Ladies!
语法：continuative clause 接续性分句：
用定语从句代替其他句子有个条件，上面半句的末尾必须是下面半句句子中的一个成分，定语从句有的时候是并列句，有的时候甚至是各种状语从句。
John went to see his bank manager and the manager sent the remains of wallet and the money to the special department of the Bank of England in Newcastle: the Mutilated Ladies!
He violently beat the boy and the boy later died from his injuries.
——>He violently beat the boy who later died from his injuries.
We can read of things that happened 5,000 years ago in the Near East, where people first learned to write.
We can read of things that happened 5,000 years ago in the Near East, because people first learned to write there.
Don’t sit on the chair because it has a broken leg.
Don’t sit on the chair which has a broken leg.
I have to be very careful not to offend the manager because he could give me the sack at any time.
I have to be very careful not to offend the manager who could give me the sack at any time.
History books never mention those people although they really helped civilization forward.
History books never mention those people who really helped civilization forward.
They examined the remains and John got all his money back.
So long as there’s something to identify, we will give people their money back,' said a spokeswoman for the Bank. ‘Last year, we paid ￡1.5 million on 21,000 claims.‘
表“只要”引导条件状语从句
as / so long as …
provided / providing (that) … 这两个可以直接当连词，不一定加that
on condition (that) …
You'll be quite safe as long as you follow my instructions.
He can come with us, provided / providing (that) he pays for his own meals.
I'll lend you the money on condition (that) you pay it back within three weeks.
only if … 表“只有”引导条件状语从句
she will go only if he goes.
Only if he goes will she go. （注意部分倒装）
This can give rise to curious situations, as it did in the case of Alfred Bloggs who worked as a dustman for the Ellesmere Corporation. 公司前加for
突出说话内容，“某人说“放中间
"I'm trying to repair the bell," answered Bill. " I've been coming up here night after night for weeks now. You see, I was hoping to give you a surprise."
"You certainly did give me a surprise!” said the vicar. “You've probably woken up everyone in the village as well. Still, I'm glad the bell is working again. "
总结：如何写出优秀的解释说明类文章(exposition)
1、语言生动活泼，充满趣味性。
2、用词准确清晰，避免模棱两可。
3、抽象说明与具体例证相结合。
本文脉络（经典的解释说明类文章）:
第一段：三个设问句引起读者兴趣并引入主题：残钞鉴别组，并确切地说明其作用。语言充满趣味性。
第二段：给出具体例证。描述清晰，语言风趣，句式多变。