Lesson8 A famous monastery
词汇
monastery ['mɒnəstri] 【英】/ ['mɑ:nəsteri] 【美】 n. 修道院
monastery n. 修道院；僧侣 （基督教）
temple n. 庙宇；寺院；神殿；太阳穴 （基督教之外）
mosque n. 清真寺
monk n. 僧侣，修道士；和尚
nun n. 修女，尼姑
nunnery （n. 尼姑庵；女修道院）/ convent （n. 女修道院）
church n. 教堂；礼拜；教派
cathedral n. 大教堂，（主教教堂）
St. Bernard [seɪnt-bə:'nɑ:d] 圣伯纳德（地名）
St. saint n. 圣人；圣徒；道德崇高的人
St. Andrew’s Road
St. Paul’s Cathedral
St. Valentine’s Day 情人节
rashly ['ræʃlɪ] adv. 轻率地；鲁莽地；无见识地
rash adj. 轻率的；鲁莽的；不顾后果的
a rash decision
Don’t make rash promises.
reckless adj. 鲁莽的，不顾后果的；粗心大意的 （不顾可能出现风险）
He was fined $100 for reckless driving.
impulsive adj. 冲动的；受感情驱使的；任性的 (头脑发热的，不计后果的)
impulse n. 冲动；
She's so impulsive—she saw the house for the first time and said she'd buy it straight away（立即、立刻）.
enclosure [ɪn'kləʊʒə(r)] n. 围场，圈地
圈地运动
enclose vt. 围绕；装入；放入封套 （包围）
be enclosed by … 被包围
The garden was completely enclosed by a high wall.
be surrounded by ... 被包围
She said that she wanted to die surrounded by the people she loves.
be besieged by ... 被包围（军队场合）
Troy was besieged by Greeks.
Privacy ['prɪvəsi] ['praɪvəsi] 清静，隐私，个人自由
protect / respect / invade sb.’s privacy 保护/尊重/侵犯隐私
private adj. 私人的；私有的；私下的
a private conversation / collector
课文讲解
The Great St. Bernard Pass connects Switzerland to Italy.
connect A with / to B
The Channel Tunnel has connected Britain with mainland Europe for the first time.
表“连接”的表达：
link A with / to B
join A to B （一般只表达物理连接）
The Verrazano Bridge, which was designed by Othmar Ammann, joins Brooklyn to Staten Island.
表“头脑中连接想法”的表达：
connect A with / to B
link A with / to B
There is no evidence to link / connect him with the murder.
associate A with B
relate A to B
There are countless people who, ever since their early years, have learned to associate snails with food.
注意发音：
Switzerland n. 瑞士（欧洲国家）
pizza
Nazi
At 2,473 metres, it is the highest mountain pass in Europe.
at … 此处表达海拔高度
at an altitude of … （完整表达海拔高度）
Being at 2,473 meters, ... 课文中省略了非谓语动词
造句：4807 米的勃朗峰 (Mont Blanc) 是阿尔卑斯山脉 (the Alps) 的最高峰。
At 4,807 meters, Mont Blanc is the highest peak of the Alps.
造句：因为只有 35 岁，他是这所大学里最年轻的教授。
At the age of 35, he is the youngest professor at the university.
The famous monastery of St. Bernard, which was founded in the 11th century, lies about a mile away.
用介词of 引出地点的名称
the Aegean island of Kea
the promontory of Ayia Irini
the tiny village of Perachora
the novel of Three Kingdoms X 不能引出小说名称
the novel entitled Three Kingdoms
the movie entitled Da Vinci Code
the man named / called Vincent
found vt. 创立，建立；创办
复习：
The body of one statue was found among remains dating from the fifteenth century B.C.
表达“追述到”….
date from …
date back to …
can be traced back to …
…, which dates from the 11th century, …
…, which dates back to the 11th century, …
…, which can be traced back to the 11th century, …
lie 位于，大的地点，更强调平面感
stands 更强调立体感
An American team explored a temple which stands in an ancient city on the promontory of Ayia Irini.
For hundreds of years, St. Bernard dogs have saved the lives of travellers crossing the dangerous Pass.
St. Bernard Dog
cross + 宾语 + 方式状语 表达 用…方式…穿越某个地方
cross the pass on foot （方式状语）
cross the pass in cars
row across the Caribbean
They quickly loaded a small rubber dinghy with food, matches, and tins of beer and rowed for a few miles across the Caribbean until they arrived at a tiny coral island.
动词 + across + 宾语
fly across the English Channel
In 1908 Lord Northcliffe offered a prize of ￡1000 to the first man who would fly across the English Channel.
cross the pass on foot
= walk across the pass
cross the pass in cars
= drive across the pass
row across the Caribbean
= cross the Caribbean by boat
These friendly dogs, which were first brought from Asia, were used as watchdogs even in Roman times.
environment-friendly adj. 环保的
ozone-friendly adj. 臭氧无害饿
表达“从…引进”
bring … from …: 从……带来……
introduce … from …: 从……引进……
..., which were introduced from Asia, …
The grey squirrel was introduced into Britain from North America.
In the early days of the settlement of Australia, enterprising settlers unwisely introduced the European rabbit.
表达“用作”
be used as …
act / serve / function as …
同意替换
…, acted / served / functioned as watchdogs even in Roman Times.
Now that a tunnel has been built through the mountains（原因状语从句）, the Pass is less dangerous, but （并列）each year, the dogs are still sent out into the snow whenever a traveller is in difficulty. （让步状语从句）
now (that) conj. 同时表示时间和原因
Now (that) you are a big boy you must behave better.
tunnel n. 隧道，地道
the Channel Tunnel 海峡隧道
canal n. 运河
the Panama Canal 巴拿马运河
温故：疑问词 + ever 的含义
表示“到底……” 引导疑问句。
'Whatever are you doing up here Bill ?' asked the vicar in surprise.
表示“无论……”引导让步状语从句。
= no matter + 疑问词
Wherever it went, it left behind it a trail of dead deer and small animals like rabbits.
No matter where it went, it left behind it a trail of dead deer and small animals like rabbits.
…, the dogs are still sent out into the snow no matter when a traveller is in difficulty.
知新：“疑问词+ever”表示“无论”时还可以用于名词性从句，此时 ≠“no matter+ 疑问词”， 因为后者只能用于让步状语从句。
Whoever wants to sign up for the course (主语从句) is welcome. √
No matter who wants to sign up for the course is welcome. X 缺少主语
No matter who wants to sign up for the course,（让步状语从句） he is welcome. √
Whatever project he works on （主语从句）is always successful.
No matter what project he works on（让步状语从句）, it is always successful.
Despite the new tunnel, there are still a few people who rashly attempt to cross the Pass on foot.
表达“设法、努力做某事”：
attempt to do sth.
try to do sth.
make an attempt to do sth.
make an effort to do sth.
seek to do sth. (fml. 正规书面语)
But the historian attempting to reconstruct the distant past is always faced with a difficult task.
I made an attempt to apologize, but Brian wouldn't even talk to me.
Over a year passed before the first attempt was made.
It seems that man was making a real effort to understand the seasons 20,000 years earlier than has been supposed.
… if, in a word, beauty means something, yet we must not seek to interpret the meaning.
During the summer months, the monastery is very busy, for it is visited by thousands of people who cross the Pass in cars.
in cars = by car
表示“使用某种交通工具”的介词短语，“by”后要直接加单数名词； “in”后的名词要有人称和数的变化。
You can go to the airport in my car.
We crossed the river in a boat.
As there are so many people about（adv. 在周围）, the dogs have to be kept in a special enclosure.
As there are so many people about, the dogs have to be …
“独立主格”替换表达：
(With) so many people (being) about, the dogs have to be …
keep: confine 把……关起来
He was kept / confined in prison.
You shouldn't keep / confine the bird in a cage. life at the monastery
In winter, however, life at the monastery is quite different.
注意：中文“的”翻译成英文不一定是“of”
life on a desert island 在沙漠的
life in the army 在军队中
life on campus 在校园中
quite adv. completely 完全，截然
The other side of the picture is quite the opposite.
He used to sleep during the day and work at night, quite unaware of the fact that he had become the ghost of Endley.
Long car journeys are even less pleasant, for it is quite impossible even to read.
We live in dread not only of unpleasant insects like spiders or wasps, but of quite harmless ones like moths.
No two sorts of birds practise quite the same sort of flight; …
The temperature drops to -30° and very few people attempt to cross the Pass.
表达“下降；
drops vi. 下降；终止
fall vi. 落下；变成；来临；减弱
The temperature falls to -30°… （与课文替换）
Little by little the eleven minutes fell to zero.
plunge vi. 突然地下降；投入；陷入；跳进
The order to abandon ship was given and hundreds of people plunged into the icy water.
The temperature plunges to -30°… (强调骤降)
dive to . (强调骤降)
表达“上升”：
.. increase to
... rise to
... rocket to 暴涨
... soar to ... 暴涨
介词“to”表达“到”
The temperature drops by 10°. 温度下降了10度
表达“温度”：
─30°
minus 30 degrees 负30度
30 degrees below zero 零下30度
─30°C 摄氏度
minus 30 degrees Centigrade / Celsius
─30°F 华氏度
minus 30 degrees Fahrenheit
The monks prefer winter to summer for they have more privacy.
prefer A to B 更喜欢A不喜欢B
I prefer mutton to beef. prefer doing to doing
表达”更喜欢A，而不喜欢做B”
prefer doing to doing
I prefer standing to sitting down.
托福听力：
She doesn't like to go shopping.
She went shopping yesterday.
She doesn't live near the shops.
She prefers shopping to studying.
W: Didn’t Marian go shopping with you yesterday?
M: Even if she hadn’t had a lot of studying, she would have preferred staying home to going shopping.
Q: What does the man imply about Marian?
Answer: (A) She doesn’t like to go shopping.
prefer A rather than B
I prefer mutton rather than beef.
prefer to do rather than do
I prefer to stand rather than sit down.
would rather do than do （两件事都不好，选择一个不太差的）
I’d rather stand than sit down.
… people would rather pay large sums of money than have their life work destroyed by gangsters.
听力真题：
She wants the man to be at the station when she arrives.
She isn’t sure which train she’ll be on.
The train will be an hour late.
She’ll leave home at 6:30.
M: It says here the next train is due in at 6:30.
W: I know, but I don’t know whether I can make that one. I’d rather call you from the station than have you waiting around for an hour.
Q: What does the woman imply?
Answer: (B) She isn’t sure which train she’ll be on.
The dogs have greater freedom, too, for they are allowed to wander outside their enclosure.
表达“允许某人做某事”：
permit sb. to do
allow sb. to do
give sb. permission to do
wander: to walk aimlessly 漫无目的的闲逛
= roam n. 漫步，漫游
The only regular visitors（常客） to the monastery in winter are parties of skiers who go there at Christmas and Easter.
He is one of our restaurant’s regulars. （常客）
What’ll it be?
The usual（口语表达“和往常一样”）, please.
party n. 政党，党派；聚会，派对
a party of tourists
a search party
a rescue party
After being absent from The Gables for a week, my aunt unexpectedly returned one afternoon with a party of guests （一队客人）and instructed Bessie to prepare dinner.
group / bunch / crowd / band 表达“一群人”
Six hundred years ago, Sir John Hawkwood arrived in Italy with a band of soldiers （一队士兵）and settled near Florence.
team 表达一起工作的团队
gang 匪帮
delegation 一群代表
galaxy 一群伟人
a galaxy of artists / scientists
at Christmas 介词“at”表示期间
on Christmas Day 介词“on”表示当天
on Easter Day
on weekends 周末 【美】
at weekends 周末 【英】
These young people, who love the peace of the mountains, always receive a warm welcome at St. Bernard's monastery.
receive + n. 受到……; 得到……；遭到……
…, are always warmly welcomed …. receive a warm welcome
extend “致以”
Let’s all extend a warm welcome to our visitors.
No creature has received more praise and abuse than the common garden snail.
receive insults 遭到侮辱
receive support 得到支持
receive adequate treatment 得到充分的治疗
receive good education 受到良好教育
This exhibition received a great deal of attention in the press, … 受到广泛关注