Lesson11 Not guilty
词汇讲解
guilty ['gɪlti] adj. 有罪的；内疚的
be guilty of … 有罪的
He is guilty of murder.
be innocent of … 清白的
He is innocent of murder.
have a guilty conscience 问心有愧
have a clear conscience 问心无愧
guilt* n. 犯罪，过失；内疚
innocence n. 清白，无罪；天真无邪
It now remains for the jury to decide on the defendant's guilt or innocence.
crime n. 罪行，犯罪；罪恶；犯罪活动
commit vt. 犯罪，做错事；把...交托给；指派…作战；使…承担义务
commit a serious crime
sin n. 罪恶；罪孽；过失 (宗教或道德上的)
It is a sin to tell a lie.
tolerant ['tɒlərənt] adj. 宽容的
英文解释：willing to accept other people's beliefs, way of life, etc. without criticizing them, even if you disagree with them
be tolerant of / towards … 宽容的
Perhaps you need to be more tolerant of your neighbors.
tolerable adj. 可以的；可容忍的.
in tolerable health
The doctors manage to keep the pain at a tolerable level.
tolerate vt. 忍受；默许；宽恕
Why people are prepared to tolerate a four hour journey each day for the dubious privilege of living in the country is beyond me.
forbearing* adj. 宽容的；忍耐的.
The vicar praised what he called her "kind and forbearing nature".
easy-going* adj. 随和的，容易相处的
Her easy-going nature made her popular.
declare [dɪ'kleə(r)] v.（向税务部门或海关）申报； 声明，宣布
You must declare(申报) all you have earned in the last year.
―Have you anything to declare(申报)?
―No, I have nothing to declare.
I declare(宣布) you man and wife.
Republic of China declared(宣布) independence in 1911.
The government has declared(宣布) war on official corruption*.
declaration n. （纳税品等的）申报；宣布；公告；申诉书
the Declaration of Independence
the United Nations Declaration of Human Rights
professional [prə'feʃənl] adj. 职业的，专业的，内行的；n. 专业人士，内行
a professional (职业的) boxer
You will need to seek professional(职业的) advice about your claim for compensation.
You sing like a real professional(专业人士).
amateur n. & adj. n. 爱好者；业余爱好者；外行 adj. 业余的；外行的
The tournament is open to both amateurs and professionals.
I shouldn't employ them―they're just a bunch of amateurs.
an amateur photographer
profession n. 职业(尤指受过良好教育或专门训练者，如律师，医生，教师的) ，专业；声明，宣布，表白
the medical / legal / teaching profession
occupation n. 职业；占有；消遣；占有期
State your name, age, and occupation(职业，用在添表格场合) in the box below.
My occupation is an accountant. X 错误，不能用在这种场合
vocation n. 职业（特别适合某人）；天职；天命；神召
She believes she has found her true vocation in life.
dreadful ['dredfl] adj. 可怕的；糟糕的
dreadful和terrible 可替换
a dreadful / terrible accident, disease, nightmare
We’ve had some dreadful / terrible weather lately.
All the things I had packed so carefully were soon in a dreadful mess.
dread v. & n. n. 恐惧；可怕的人（或物）v. 惧怕；担心
dread doing sth 害怕做某事,(做动词)
I dread being sick.
He dreaded having to spend Christmas in hospital.
live in dread of … 一直害怕某事,(做名词)
The committee members live in dread of anything that may cause a scandal.
We live in dread not only of unpleasant insects like spiders or wasps, but of quite harmless ones like moths.
perfume ['pɜ:fju:m] n. 香水；香味
“香味”相互替换
scent / perfume / fragrance
the scent of ripe fruit
the perfume of flowers
the fragrance of lilacs
scented* / perfumed* / fragrant
scented / perfumed soap 香皂
the Fragrant Hills
aroma n. (植物、酒、菜肴等的)芳香
the aroma of hot coffee
smell n. 气味，嗅觉；臭味
funny smell 异味
smelly* adj. 有臭味的
smelly feet
odour / odor n. 气味；声誉
body odour / odor
odourless* / odorless* adj. 无气味的；无臭的
Carbon monoxide* is a colorless, odorless and noxious gas.
sarcastically [sɑ:'kæstɪklɪ] adv. 讽刺地，说反话地
sarcasm（人） / irony（人和物） n. 讽刺；挖苦；嘲笑
with heavy sarcasm / irony
'Good of you to arrive on time,' George said, with heavy sarcasm / irony.
表示“有一点讽刺的味道”
hint / trace / touch of sarcasm / irony
There was a hint of sarcasm / irony in her voice.
sarcastic / ironic adj. 挖苦的；尖刻的，辛辣的；讽刺的；反话的
an sarcastic / ironic smile / remark / expression etc
I was almost there when a sarcastic voice below said, 'I don't think the windows need cleaning at this time of the night.'
sarcastically / ironically
'Oh good,' he said sarcastically / ironically.
'Perfume, eh?' he asked sarcastically.
指“物”
the irony of fate
It's ironic that she became a teacher ―she used to hate school.
Ironically, his cold got better on the last day of his holiday.
baggage ['bægɪdʒ] n. 行李
复习可数不可数
可数 不可数
trunk / suitcase … baggage / luggage
table / chair furniture
pen / pencil stationery
jewel jewelry / jewellery
scene scenery
weapon weaponry
machine machinery
poem poetry
novel fiction
myth mythology
leaf foliage
课文讲解
Customs Officers are quite tolerant these days, but they can still stop you when you are going through the Green Channel and have nothing to declare.
customs officers 海关
It took ages to clear customs(通过海关) but then we were out of the airport quite quickly.
You won't be able to take that through customs. (通过海关)
custom 习俗，惯例
the custom of giving presents at Christmas
Chinese traditional customs
“现如今”：
these days today nowadays
go through
When you're going through（经历某事，尤其是不开心的是） a crisis, it often helps to talk to someone.
I've gone through （检查，翻找）all my pockets but I can't find my keys.
The Officer went through（检查，翻找） the case with great care.
When she caught up with them, she saw that they had sat down and were going through （检查，翻找）the contents of the bag, so she ran straight at them.
declare 申报
―Have you anything to declare?
―No, I have nothing to declare.
Even really honest people are often made to feel guilty.
make sb. do sth. （主动结构，不加to）使某人\让某人\强迫某人做某事
be made to do sth. （被动结构，加to）
I made him repeat it.
He was made to repeat it.
类似结构：如果用动词原型do表示看到、听到或感受了整个过程
see / hear / notice sb. do sth. （主动结构，不加to）
be seen / heard / noticed to do sth. （被动结构，加to）
I saw / heard / noticed him leave the room.
He was seen / heard / noticed to leave the room.
类似结构：如果用动词原型doing表示没有看到、听到或感受了整个过程
see / hear / notice sb. doing sth.
be seen / heard / noticed doing sth.
I saw him crossing the road.
He was seen crossing the road.
I heard the girl singing in the room.
The girl was heard singing in the room.
Almost any day a young porpoise may be seen trying to turn a 300-pound sea turtle over by sticking his snout under the edge of his shell and pushing up for dear life.
语法题：
The missing boy was last seen near the river.
playing
to be playing
play
to play
Customs Officers are quite tolerant these days, but they can still stop you when you are going through the Green Channel and have nothing to declare. Even really honest people are often made to feel guilty. The hardened professional smuggler, on the other hand, is never troubled by such feelings, even if he has five hundred gold watches hidden in his suitcase.
课文写作技巧分析：长短句结合，几个长句中间穿插一些短句，使文章粗略有质，赋予弹性，更加灵活。
The hardened professional smuggler, on the other hand, is never troubled by such feelings, even if he has five hundred gold watches hidden in his suitcase.
hardened adj.
英文解释：someone who is hardened has had a lot of difficult or unpleasant experiences and is no longer much affected by such things
麻木的，老练的
a hardened criminal / police officer etc.
The children became hardened to the violence.
表达“相互矛盾的两个方面”
on the other hand … （单独使用）然而在另一方面
on the one hand … on the other (hand) … （复合使用）
英文解释：used to indicate contrasting points of view, opinions, etc
I'd like to eat out, but on the other hand I should be trying to save money.
On the one hand they'd love to have kids, but on the other (hand), they don't want to give up their freedom.
表达“原因之一是…”
for one thing …
for one thing … for another … 原因之一是… 另一个原因是…
英文解释： used to introduce a reason for sth
―“Why don’t you get a car?”
―“Well, for one thing, I can’t drive!”
―"Why won’t you come to New York with me?"
―"For one thing, I don't like flying, and for another, I can't afford it."
trouble v.
英文解释：if a problem troubles you, it makes you feel worried or upset
Don’t trouble trouble until trouble troubles you. 不要自找麻烦
造句：他的口袋里藏着一张大额的钞票。
He has a large bank note hidden in his pocket.
造句：这个贪官 (corrupt official) 在地下室里藏了 1000 万元。
The corrupt official has 10 million yuan hidden in the basement.
When I returned from abroad recently, a particularly officious young Customs Officer clearly regarded me as a smuggler.
注意正确搭配
return √
= come / go back √
return back X
say it again √
repeat it √
repeat it again X
go forward √
advance √
advance forward X
in my opinion, … √
I think … √
in my opinion, I think … X
it is because … √
the reason is that … √
the reason is because … X
语法复习：副词介词做宾语
When I returned from abroad（副词做宾语） recently, a particularly officious young Customs Officer clearly regarded me as a smuggler.
Suddenly, there was a slight trembling sound from below（副词做宾语）, and the captain went down to see what had happened.
Before long（副词做宾语）, biscuits of all shapes and sizes began arriving at the factory.
After crossing the equator, the captain called in at a port to have a new rudder fitted, but by now （副词做宾语）the Thermopylae was over five hundred miles ahead.
Towards midday, a girl heard a muffled cry coming from behind one of the walls（介词短语做宾语）.
单词辨析：
abroad ↔ aboard
study abroad All aboard!
quite ↔ quiet
dairy ↔ diary
latitude ↔ altitude
officious adj. 多管闲事的
英文解释：(disapproving) too ready to tell people what to do or to use the power you have to give orders 爱发号施令的，指手画脚的
When people put on uniforms, their attitude becomes more confident and their manner more officious.
officer n. 军官，警官；公务员，政府官员；船长
a commanding officer a police officer （军队场合）
a customs officer （警察）
chief executive officer（警察）
official n. 官员（只能是政府里的官员）；公务员；高级职员
government officials 政府官员
corrupt officials 腐败官员
adj. 官方的；正式的；公务的
official corruption
official statistics
Have you anything to declare? he asked, looking me in the eye.
look sb in the eye(s) / face
英文解释：to look straight at sb without feeling embarrassed or ashamed 直视
Can you look me in the eye and tell me you're not lying?
I'll never be able to look her in the face again!
No, I answered confidently.
confidently ↔ with confidence 可替换
Would you mind unlocking this suitcase please?
1、请求对方做某事 would / do you mind doing sth.
Would you mind waiting outside?
回答方式：
No, not at all.
Not at all.
Certainly not.
Of course not.
No, that’s quite all right.
Not at all, I’d be happy / glad to.
2、请求对方允许自己做某事
would / do you mind my / our doing sth.
do you mind if（真实语气：一般现在时）
would you mind if（虚拟语气：一般过去时）
Would you mind my smoking here?
Do you mind if I smoke here? （真实语气：一般现在时）
Would you mind if I smoked here? （虚拟语气：一般过去时）
回答方式（肯定）：
No, not at all.
Not at all.
Certainly not.
Of course not.
Go ahead.
回答方式（否定）：
I wish you wouldn’t.
You’d better not.
I’m sorry, but …
I’m afraid …
Do you mind if I smoke here?
I’m afraid this is a non-smoking office. （否定回答）
老托福语法题：
“Do you mind ?” “Go ahead.”
opening the window
I open the window
if I open the window
whether I open the window
托福听力：
He doesn't have any more time.
It doesn't bother him to wait.
He's never had to wait before.
He hasn't seen anyone at all.
W: Would you mind waiting a few more minutes?
M: Not at all.
Q: What does the man mean?
Answer: (B) It doesn't bother him to wait.
托福听力：
She doesn't want the man to call her.
The man is welcome to use the telephone.
The telephone doesn't belong to her.
The man should go somewhere else to make his call.
M: Do you mind if I use your phone?
W: Of course not.
What does the woman mean?
Answer: (B) The man is welcome to use the telephone.
托福听力：
Someone already borrowed her newspaper.
She’ll get the newspaper back from the man later.
She can’t lend the man the newspaper.
She hasn’t had time to read the newspaper yet.
M: Excuse me, do you mind if I borrow that newspaper for a little bit.
W: I'm sorry, but it doesn't belong to me.
Q: What does the woman imply?
Answer: (C) She can’t lend the man the newspaper.
The Officer went through the case with great care.
副词名词互换：with 加名词 （搭配见过的再写）
The officer went through the case with great care (=very carefully).
He had spotted a tiny bottle at the bottom of my case and he pounced on it with delight (=delightedly).
Then I added with a smile (=smilingly).
'No', I answered confidently (=with confidence).
His few material possessions make it possible for him to move from place to place with ease (=easily).
She faced the difficulty with calmness (=calmly).
I looked at her with curiosity (curiously).
She spoke to me with tenderness (=tenderly).
I greeted Philip with enthusiasm (=enthusiastically).
其他介词：
The gang picked their victims at random (=randomly).
I met an old friend in town by accident (=accidentally).
The negotiations were conducted in secret (=secretly).
It's unprofessional to criticize your colleagues in public (=publicly).
All the things I had packed so carefully were soon in a dreadful mess.
things [pl.]
英文解释：personal belongings 私人财物
Belongings n. [经] 财产，所有物；亲戚
The chest contained the personal belongings of a seaman, Alan Fielding.
As they grow old, people also accumulate belongings for two other reasons, lack of physical and mental energy, both of which are essential in turning out and throwing away, and sentiment.
pack vt. 包装；压紧；捆扎；挑选；塞满
Kelly packed her things before dinner.
He was still packing his suitcase when the taxi came.
unpack vt. 卸下…；解除…的负担
He told me to unpack my things and then come down to dinner. I unpacked my bags as soon as I arrived.
表达“混乱”：
in a mess
in a / an dreadful / terrible / awful / appalling mess
Jem's house is always in an awful mess.
in (a state of) disorder*
Everything was in disorder, but nothing seemed to be missing.
The whole office was in a state of disorder.
in (a state of) chaos
The kitchen was in chaos.
Without it, nothing could ever be brought to a conclusion; everything would be in a state of chaos.
at sixes and sevens
When the visitors arrived we were still at sixes and sevens.
I felt sure I would never be able to close the case again.
语法复习：特殊从句，形容词不足语
Still, I'm glad the bell is working again.
'It's working all right, but I'm afraid that at one o'clock it will strike thirteen times and there's nothing I can do about it.'
When a passing tanker rescued them five days later, both men were genuinely sorry that they had to leave.
Suddenly, I saw the Officer's face light up.
light up
英文解释：if someone’s face or eyes light up, they show pleasure, excitement etc.（因喜悦、兴奋等脸上或眼中）露出光彩
His eyes lit up with laughter.
Her face lit up with pleasure.
He had spotted a tiny bottle at the bottom of my case and he pounced on it with delight.
pounce (on sth) 猛扑
The lion crouched ready to pounce.
The hawk pounced on its prey.
plunge (into sth) 猛跳
The order to abandon ship was given and hundreds of people plunged into the icy water.
charge (at sth) 猛冲
Bruce charged at it, but in the middle, the car came to a grinding halt.
with delight ↔ delightedly
delightedly adv. 感到高兴地
delightfully adv. 令人高兴地
She delightedly（感到高兴地） accepted the invitation.
The evening is delightfully（令人高兴地）cool.
Robert was delighted （感到高兴的）to see me and equally pleased with my little gift.
Indeed they can have a delightful （令人高兴的）surprise when they find something useful which they did not know they owned.
The old view of Galileo was delightfully （令人高兴地）uncomplicated.
Perfume, eh? he asked sarcastically.
eh interj. 语气词
英文解释：used for asking someone to agree with you
Pretty good, eh?
课文写法替换：
'Perfume, eh?' he asked sarcastically / ironically.
'Perfume, eh?' he asked with (heavy) sarcasm / irony.
You should have declared that. Perfume is not exempt from import duty.
should / ought to have done 该做的事没做（带有责备语气）
He should have known that the police would never allow this sort of thing. A policeman approached Jimmy and told him he ought to have gone along a side street as Jumbo was holding up the traffic.
How I regretted the hours wasted in the woods and fields, the days when I had played and should have studied.
be exempt from sth. 免除某事
Children are exempt from the charges.
Currently, developing nations are exempt from certain restrictions on carbon emissions.
exempt sb. from sth.
His bad eyesight exempted him from military service.
import duty / customs duty / tariff* 关税
These days, it is differences in national regulations, far more than tariffs, that put sand in the wheels of trade between rich countries.
tax n. 税
income / property / sales / inheritance tax
But it isn’t perfume, I said. 'It's hair gel.' Then I added with a smile, It’s a strange mixture I make myself.
hair gel
英文解释：a thick liquid substance which is put in the hair to help the hair keep a particular shape or style
add
英文解释：v. to say more about something that has just been said 补充说，接着说
I have nothing to add to my earlier statement.
add that …
Everyone will be invited to vote, he said, adding that voting is likely to be via the web.
He added that a student had dressed up as a policeman and was playing all sorts of silly jokes on people.
do sth with a smile / laugh / sneer / shock / sigh / start … 做某事带着某个动作
'Oh, that,' he said with a smile as if he were talking about an old friend.
Looking round, I realized with a shock that I was the only passenger left on the bus.
'Oh, is it?' said the sheriff with a sneer. 'Well, I'm Brinksley Meers, and my other name is Gloria Gleam. Now you get out of here fast !'
One night, however, our vicar woke up with a start: the clock was striking the hours!
She slowly sat down with a sigh and closed her eyes.
oneself 与 by oneself 作状语时的区别
oneself 强调“亲自”，并非他人代劳
Lesson 46 Do it yourself
I would not hear of the suggestion and said that I would fix it myself.
While Alfred's little army slowly began to gather at Athelney, the king himself set out to penetrate the camp of Guthrum, the commander of the Danish invaders.
by oneself = alone 强调“独自”，没有他人陪伴或帮助
They are living by themselves (=alone).
One can’t play tennis by oneself (=alone).
As I expected, he did not believe me.
语法：as引导的非限定定语从句修饰整个句子
As I soon learnt, he was English himself!
Anyway, as Brian pointed out, it is the easiest thing in the world to give up smoking.
Things can go wrong on a big scale, as a number of people recently discovered in Parramatta, a suburb of Sydney.
Try it! I said encouragingly.
表达“鼓动试一试”
try it
give it a try
give it a shot
The Officer unscrewed the cap and put the bottle to his nostrils.
screw
screw a bulb in 拧灯泡
unscrew
She unscrewed the cap of her water bottle and gave him a drink.
He was greeted by an unpleasant smell which convinced him that I was telling the truth.
be greeted by …
英文解释： (of sights, sounds or smells) to be the first thing that you see, hear or smell at a particular time 首先看到的、听到的、闻到的是……
I woke up and was greeted by bird song.
When she opened the door she was greeted by complete disorder.
convince sb. of sth.
convince sb. that … ‘that’从句前介词去掉
The experts were now fully convinced that the animal was a puma, but where had it come from?
tell the truth 讲实话
tell a lie / story / joke …
A few minutes later, I was able to hurry away with precious chalk marks on my baggage.
with后独立主格
hurry 匆匆的走
搭配：
She hurried away in the opposite direction.
He hurried forward to meet him.
We hurried upstairs to see what was going on. With this, he hurried off the stage.
She hurried down the corridor as fast as she could.
More than 100 men hurried to the scene to donate their blood.