Lesson12 Life on a desert island
课文
Most of us have formed an unrealistic picture of life on a desert island.
我们许多人对于荒岛生活有一种不切实际的想法。
We sometimes imagine a desert island to be a sort of paradise where the sun always shines.
我们有时想象荒岛是阳光终日普照的天堂。
Life there is simple and good.
在那里，生活简单又美好。
Ripe fruit falls from the trees and you never have to work.
成熟的水果从树上掉下来，人们根本无需劳动。
The other side of the picture is quite the opposite.
另一种想法恰恰相反，
Life on a desert island is wretched.
认为荒岛生活很可怕，
You either starve to death or live like Robinson Crusoe, waiting for a boat which never comes.
要么饿死，要么像鲁滨孙那样，天天盼船来，却总没见船影。
Perhaps there is an element of truth in both these pictures, but few of us have had the opportunity to find out.
也许，这两种都像都有可信之处。但很少有人能有机会去弄个究竟。
Two men who recently spent five days on a coral island wished they had stayed there longer.
最近有两个人在一座珊瑚岛上呆了5天，他们真希望在那儿再多呆一些日子。
They were taking a badly damaged boat from the Virgin Islands to Miami to have it repaired.
他们驾着一条严重损坏的小船从维尔京群岛阿密修理。
During the journey, their boat began to sink.
途中，船开始下沉，
They quickly loaded a small rubber dinghy with food, matches, and cans of beer and rowed for a few miles across the Caribbean until they arrived at a tiny coral island.
他们迅速把食物、火柴、罐装啤酒往一只救生筏上装。然后在加勒比海上划行了几英里，到了一座珊瑚岛上。
There were hardly any trees on the island and there was no water, but this did not prove to be a problem.
岛上几乎没有一颗树，也没有淡水，但这不算什么问题。
The men collected rainwater in the rubber dinghy.
他们用像皮艇蓄积雨水。
As they had brought a spear gun with them, they had plenty to eat.
由于他们随身带了一支捕鱼枪，因此，吃饭不愁。
They caught lobster and fish every day, and as one of them put it 'ate like kings'.
他们天天捕捉龙虾和鱼，正如其中一位所说，吃得“像国王一样好”。
When a passing tanker rescued them five days later, both men were genuinely sorry that they had to leave.
5天后，一条油轮从那儿路过，搭救了他们。这二位不得不离开那个荒岛时，还真的感到遗憾呢！
词汇讲解
desert island ['dezət 'ailənd] n. 荒岛
uninhabited* island 无人岛
coral island 珊瑚岛
volcanic island 火山岛
archipelago n. 群岛，列岛；多岛的海区
the Indonesian archipelago
peninsula n. 半岛
the Korean peninsula
paradise ['pærədaɪs] n. 天堂，伊甸园
heaven n. 天堂；天空；极乐
the Garden of Eden 伊甸园
Hawaii is a paradise for(理想的地方) surfers.
California is a paradise for sun lovers.
be a Mecca / mecca for … 理想的地方
wretched ['retʃɪd] adj. 可怜的，悲惨的
lead a wretched life 过着悲惨的生活
poor adj. 贫穷的；可怜的；贫乏的；卑鄙的
pitiful* adj. 可怜的，令人同情的
pathetic* adj. 可怜的，悲哀的；感伤的；乏味的
wretch n. 可怜的人，不幸的人；卑鄙的人
The poor wretch begs in the street.
wreck n. 破坏；失事；残骸；失去健康的人 (强调身体、精神严重伤残的人)
Poor man, mentally a wreck.
starve [stɑ:v] v. 挨饿
He starved to death in the desert.
I’m starving. 我饿死了
hunger vi. 渴望；挨饿
hunger for … v. 渴望；渴求
I hunger for your touch.
thirst vi. 渴望；口渴
thirst for … v. 非常想望
The students thirst for knowledge.
satisfy one’s hunger 吃饱肚子
satisfy / quench* one’s thirst 解渴
Let us not seek to satisfy our thirst for freedom by drinking from the cup of bitterness* and hatred*.
Susan awoke that night alone and parched*, but as she gazed out her window, she saw the tall drink of water she needed to quench her thirst.
element ['elɪmənt] n. 元素，要素
there is an element of truth in … 有点道理
There is an element of truth in his words.
chemical element 化学元素
earth, water, fire and air 四大元素
the elements 自然力
struggle / fight / battle against the elements 与大自然做斗争
elementary* adj. 基本的；初级的；[化学] 元素的
elementary school 小学
primary school 小学【英】
opportunity [ɒpə'tju:nətɪ] n. 机会
a golden opportunity 一个宝贵的机会
a once-in-a-lifetime opportunity 千载难逢的好机会
miss the opportunity 错过机会
seize the opportunity 抓住机会
Opportunity seldom* knocks twice. 机不可失
take the opportunity to do … 借这个机会做某事
Let me take the opportunity to introduce myself.
Let me take the opportunity to thank you.
genuinely ['dʒenjʊɪnlɪ] adv. 由衷地，真诚地
sincerely （同义替换）adv. 真诚地；由衷地，诚恳地
He was genuinely/ sincerely glad to see Mary.
genuine adj. 真实的，真正的；诚恳的
He has a genuine(真心的) love for his family.
It certainly looked genuine（真的）.
反义词
hypocritical* adj. 虚伪的；伪善的
artificial* adj. 人造的；仿造的；虚伪的；非原产地的；武断的
artificial hair / tooth / limb
fake adj. 伪造的
counterfeit adj. 假冒的，伪造的；虚伪的
fake / counterfeit money
pirated adj. 盗版的
pirated CDs / books
课文讲解
Most of us have formed an unrealistic picture of life on a desert island.
在…的“生活”注意介词不能用of，不是从属关系
life on a desert island
life at the monastery
life in the army
life on campus*
表示“大多数”的表达：
a / the majority* of …
a high percentage / proportion of …
A high proportion of the coffee they produce goes to the US.
表示“少数”的表达：
a / the minority of
a small percentage / proportion of …
Only a small percentage of African American employees were considered for promotion.
form a picture of … 想象
= imagine …
Can you form a picture of what I described to you?
造句：他们之中多数人对于西方世界有一种不切实际的想象。
Most of them have formed an unrealistic picture of the western world.
补充：
take a picture of … 照相
Excuse me. My name is Richard Stewart. I'm a photographer. May I take a picture of you and your little boy?
表示“照相”的表达：
Look in the camera.
Hold that pose.
Say cheese.
You are photogenic*. 上相
The picture does not do your justice. 这个照片没照好
We sometimes imagine a desert island to be a sort of paradise where the sun always shines.
表达“把……想象成……”：
imagine … to be …
picture … as …
conceive* of … as …
regard … as … 把……看作……
When I returned from abroad recently, a particularly officious young Customs Officer clearly regarded me as a smuggler.
consider ... (to be) ...
If you lived in the Mediterranean, for instance, you would consider octopus a great delicacy.
see ... as ... 把……看作……
I see his words as a joke.
count ... as ... 把……看作……
I don’t count him as a friend any more.
look on ... as ...
They look on her as a daughter.
think of ... as ...
Learning a language should be thought of as a natural process.
课后习题讲解：
4. We sometimes think of a desert island ____b____a sort of paradise, (1.2)
(a) to be (b) as being (c) is (d) be
表达“…有些像……的; ……般的”：
a sort of
= a kind of
In spite of this, the Italians regarded him as a sort of hero.
Since its discovery, it has become a sort of potholers' Everest.
They were visited by a large colony of ants which obtained a sort of honey from them.
An atom is a kind of solar system. 原子是类似于太阳系的物质
Libraries made education possible, and education in its turn added to libraries: the growth of knowledge followed a kind of compound interest law, which was greatly enhanced by the invention of printing.
表达“有点……”：注意没有“a”
kind of
= sort of
= somewhat adv.
I’m kind of hungry.
He felt sort of embarrassed.
Life there is simple and good.
造句：Life on campus is simple and good.
Ripe fruit falls from the trees and you never have to work.
ripe adj. 熟的，成熟的；时机成熟的 (主要用于果实成熟)
Soon ripe, soon rotten*.
The time is ripe. (表达时机成熟)
I'm waiting till the time is ripe before I tell my parents that I failed my exams.
adult / full-grown (强调法律规定的成年人)
an adult cat
A full-grown giraffe* is 5.5 m tall.
mature adj. 成熟的；充分考虑的；到期的；成年人的 (指生物自然发育成熟或丰满或使其能起正常作用，还可指人获得智慧、经验或变得世故。)
He is very mature for his age.
表达“食物熟的”：
well-done 全熟的
medium well 七八分熟的
medium 五分熟的
medium rare 四分熟的
rare 三分熟的
口语表达：
How would you like your steak cooked?
I’d like my steak well-done / medium well / medium / medium rare / rare.
美剧对话：
Monica: Okay, now this one is rare, this one is medium well! Now go-go-go! Hey Phoebe!
Phoebe: Hey!
Monica: Hey how was dinner?! Phoebe: Dinner was good!
raw 全生的
I like to eat fish raw. (注意raw的位置)
you never have to work.
… you needn’t work.
… you don’t need to work.
The other side of the picture is quite the opposite.
In winter, however, life at the monastery is quite （完全）different.
the opposite 反面，对立面
The opposite of love is hatred.
the opposite bank
the opposite sex
be quite the opposite 截然相反
造句：我的父亲是个性格平和的人，但是我的母亲却截然相反。
My father is a very calm person, but my mother is quite the opposite.
vice versa* 反之亦然
Boys can date girls, and vice versa.
Life on a desert island is wretched.
You either starve to death or live like Robinson Crusoe, waiting for a boat which never comes.
either … or … 要么……要么……
… waiting for a boat which never comes.
…, waiting for a boat but it never comes.
Perhaps there is an element of truth in both these pictures, but few of us have had the opportunity to find out.
there is an element of truth in… 有点道理
There is an element of truth in what she said.
there is a good deal of truth in… 很有道理
Apparently, there is a good deal of truth in this idea.
there is no truth in … 没有道理
There is no truth in the rumor.
There is probably an element of truth in this argument, but they ignore a more basic fact that the freedom of the press is often abused.
Albert Einstein once attributed the creativity in a famous scientist to the fact that he never went to school. There is undoubtedly a truth in（无疑） his observation, but such a truth is not criticism of schools.
一种想法太乐观，一种想法太悲观
The former picture is unduly optimistic while the latter picture is unduly* pessimistic*.
The former picture is unduly optimistic while the latter unduly pessimistic. （简洁表达）
课后习题讲解：
1．In what way are the pictures we form of life on a desert island unreal?
(a) They fail to present the wretchedness of such a situation.
(b) We forget that we would be too weak to work and only imagine the pleasure of idleness.
(c) They are either unduly optimistic or unduly pessimistic.
( d) They lack any truth at all as most of us have never visited one.
Two men who recently spent five days on a coral island wished they had stayed there longer.
He then changed into overalls and spent （度过）the next eight hours as a dustman.
语法：“wish” 型的虚拟语气，（表达不大可能发生的希望）
1、S.+ wish + (that) + S.+ did/were（ 现 在 ） had done（过去）
would/should/could/might +do（将来）
I wish (that) I met my uncle now. （现在）
I wish (that) I had met my uncle yesterday. （过去）
I wish (that) I could meet my uncle tomorrow.（将来）
would rather/sooner 翻译成：真希望，强调对不大可能实现愿望的惋惜
if only 翻译成：要是…，表达对可望不可及事情的惋惜
I’d rather you started off now.
I’d rather you had been present yesterday.
If only Tessa were here now!
If only I had listened to my parents at that time.
They were taking a badly damaged boat from the Virgin Islands to Miami （地点状语）to have it repaired.（目的状语）
The store is open from Monday to Saturday.
The store is open from Monday until / till Saturday.
The store is open Monday through Saturday.
During the journey, their boat began to sink.
表达“开始做某事”：
begin dong (主动)
begin to do (客观)
They quickly loaded a small rubber dinghy with food, matches, and cans of beer and rowed for a few miles across the Caribbean until they arrived at a tiny coral island.
load A into B 把A装到B
load B with A 把A装到B
He is loading groceries into his car.
He is loading his car with groceries.
be loaded with ... 满载着
Small boats loaded with wares sped to the great liner as she was entering the harbour.
row
Learning is like rowing upstream: not to advance is to drop back.
tiny
Mary and her husband Dimitri lived in the tiny village of Perachora in southern Greece.
There were hardly any trees on the island and there was no water, but this did not prove to be a problem.
prove (to be) +adj. / n. 证明是…
The search proved difficult, for the puma was often observed at one place in the morning and at another place twenty miles away in the evening.
He knew it would not prove difficult in such a small village.
The operation, which lasted for over four hours, proved to be very difficult because of the hard resin which covered the skin.
The men collected rainwater in the rubber dinghy.
As they had brought a spear gun with them, they had plenty to eat.
These two pieces of equipment proved (to be) essential to their survival.
课后习题讲解：
2. What was the equipment the men had brought that proved essential to their survival?
(a) Tools with which they had been going to repair their boat.
(b) Food, matches and tins of beer.
(c) Rainwater, lobster and fish.
(d) A spear gun and a rubber dinghy.
They caught lobster and fish every day, and as one of them put it 'ate like kings'.
put it = express it 措辞说
课后习题讲解：
12. And, as one of them _____ it, they ‘ate like kings’. (1.15)
(a) expressed
( b ) placed
(c) told
(d) said
I don’t know how to put it. 不知道怎么说
to put it another way 换句话说
It's fairly risky. Or to put it another way, don't try this at home.
let me put it this way 让我这么跟你说
听力真题：
He dropped out of Prof. Johnson’s class.
He’ll probably take another class with Professor Johnson.
Professor Johnson’s lectures were boring.
Students weren’t allowed to bring drinks into Professor Johnson’s class.
原文：
W: You had Professor Johnson before, right? How would you describe his lectures?
M: Well, let me put it this way: I could never stay awake in one of his classes without first drinking at least two cups of coffee.
Q: What does the man imply?
Answer: (C) Professor Johnson’s lectures were boring.
When a passing tanker rescued them five days later, both men were genuinely sorry that they had to leave.
表达“由衷的”：
genuinely
sincerely
from the bottom of their hearts 发自心底
sorry: regretful 遗憾
regret to 遗憾的去做某事
课后习题讲解：
8. Both men genuinely regretted_____.
( a ) their leave ( b ) to have to leave (c) having to leave (d) they must have left