Lesson22 By hearts
课文
Some plays are so successful that they run for years on end.
有些剧目十分成功，以致连续上演好几年。
In many ways, this is unfortunate for the poor actors who are required to go on repeating the same lines night after night.
这样一来，可怜的演员们可倒霉了。因为他们需要一夜连着一夜地重复同样的台词。
One would expect them to know their parts by heart and never have cause to falter.
人们以为，这些演员一定会把台词背得烂熟，绝不会临场结巴的，
Yet this is not always the case.
但情况却并不总是这样。
A famous actor in a highly successful play was once cast in the role of an aristocrat who had been imprisoned in the Bastille for 20 years.
有一位名演员曾在一出极为成功的剧目中扮演一个贵族角色，这个贵族已在巴士底狱被关押了20年。
In the last act, a gaoler would always come on to the stage with a letter which he would hand to the prisoner.
在最后一幕中，狱卒手持一封信上场，然后将信交给狱中那位贵族。
Even though the noble was expected to read the letter at each performance, he always insisted that it should be written out in full.
尽管那个贵族每场戏都得念一遍那封信。但他还是坚持要求将信的全文写在信纸上。
One night, the gaoler decided to play a joke on his colleague to find out if, after so many performances, he had managed to learn the contents of the letter by heart.
一天晚上，狱卒决定与他的同事开一个玩笑，看看他反复演出这么多场之后，是否已将信的内容记熟了。
The curtain went up on the final act of the play and revealed the aristocrat sitting alone behind bars in his dark cell.
大幕拉开，最后一幕戏开演，贵族独自一人坐在铁窗后阴暗的牢房里。
Just then, the gaoler appeared with the precious letter in his hands.
这时狱卒上场，手里拿着那封珍贵的信。
He entered the cell and presented the letter to the aristocrat.
狱卒走进牢房，将信交给贵族。
But the copy he gave him had not been written out in full as usual.
但这回狱卒给贵族的信没有像往常那样把全文写全，
It was simply a blank sheet of paper.
而是一张白纸。
The gaoler looked on eagerly, anxious to see if his fellow actor had at last learnt his lines.
狱卒热切地观察着，急于想了解他的同事是否记熟了台词。
The noble stared at the blank sheet of paper for a few seconds.
贵族盯着纸看了几秒钟，
Then, squinting his eyes, he said: 'The light is dim. Read the letter to me.'
然后眯起眼睛，说道：“光线太暗，请给我读一下这封信。”
And he promptly handed the sheet of paper to the gaoler.
说完，他一下子把信递给狱卒。
Finding that he could not remember a word of the letter either,
狱卒发现自己连一个字也记不住，
the gaoler replied: 'The light is indeed dim, sire. I must get my glasses.'
于是便说：“陛下，这儿光线的确太暗了，我得去眼镜拿来。”
With this, he hurried off the stage.
他一边说着，一边匆匆下台。
Much to the aristocrat's amusement, the gaoler returned a few moments later with a pair of glasses and the usual copy of the letter which he proceeded to read to the prisoner.
贵族感到非常好笑的是：一会儿工夫，狱卒重新登台，拿来一副眼镜以及平时使用的那封信，然后为那囚犯念了起来。
词汇讲解
lines [laɪnz] n. （演员的）台词
同义词：
part 角色；台词和动
role 角色
He plays the role / part of Hamlet.
leading role 主角
supporting role 配角
hero / leading man 男主人公
heroine / leading lady 女主人公
cast 全体演员
an all-star cast 一个全明星的阵容
cast [kɑ:st] [kæst] v. 选派……扮演角色
be cast as / in the role of … 被指派扮演…（被动表达主动含义）
He was cast as / in the role of Othello.
play / perform / act (the role / part of) … 扮演，（主动）
He played / performed / acted (the role / part of) Othello.
play the lead in ... 主演
Bruce Willis played the lead in ‘The Sixth Sense’.
star 主演
Harrison Ford starred in ‘Air Force One’.
‘Air Force One’ starred（由某人主演） Harrison Ford.
imprison [ɪm'prɪzn] v. 关押
表达“使…入狱”：
imprison sb.
incarcerate sb.
jail / gaol sb.
send sb. to prison
put sb. in prison
lock up sb.
be sentenced to … 被宣判…
He was sentenced to 10 years in prison.
He was sentenced to life imprisonment.
He was sentenced to death.
reveal [rɪ'vi:l] v. 使显露；揭示
Her laugh revealed (使显露) her even teeth.
reveal sth. to sb. 揭示给某人
The doctor did not reveal the truth to the patient.
conceal sth. from sb. 向某人隐瞒了
The doctor concealed the truth from the patient.
expose 暴露
The soldiers were warned not to expose themselves.
squint [skwɪnt] v. 眯着眼看
squint at … 眯起眼看…
squint one’s eyes 眯起某人眼看……
peer at … 费力的看
peep / peek at …偷窥
leer at … 色眯眯的看
He was always leering at female members of staff.
glance at … 匆匆看一眼
glimpse … 无意中一眼看到
gaze at … 充满兴趣的凝视
stare at … 瞪大眼睛看
gape at … 张着嘴看
glare at … 怒目而视
sire ['saɪə(r)] n. 陛下（王室成员的尊称）
Your Majesty （当面）陛下
His / Her Majesty （谈到）陛下
My Lord （贵族）
Your Excellency （当面）阁下
His / Her Excellency （谈到）阁下
proceed [prə'si:d] v. 继续
proceed with … 继续做同一件事
proceed to do … 继续做下一件事
go on with … 继续做同一件事
go on to do … 继续做同一件事
go on doing … 不停的做某事
continue to do … 继续做同一件事
continue doing …继续做同一件事
carry on with … 继续做同一件事
carry on doing …继续做同一件事
课文讲解
（题目）
By hearts
learn / know sth. by heart 牢记、熟记
One would expect them to know their parts by heart and never have cause to falter.
bear / keep sth. in mind 牢牢记住
make a mental note 记住
remember / recall / recollect sth. 回忆起
remind sb. of sth. 使某人回忆起
bring back memories 使人回忆起往事
走遍美国
Richard, these are terrific pictures. This one really brings back memories.
in retrospect 回首往事
In retrospect, I think my marriage was doomed from the beginning.
… to remember 令人难忘的
a day to remember
指环王
Gandalf, my old friend … this will be a night to remember.
ring a bell 依稀记得
托福听力真题：
A．I haven't called Bill.
B．I don't recognize that name.
C．That doorbell doesn't work.
D．I didn't ring that bell.
That name just doesn't ring a bell with me.
Answer: (B) I don't recognize that name.
have a short memory 记性短
听力真题：
A．The man shouldn't have invited her roommate to the meeting.
B．Her roommate was unable to attend the meeting.
C．Her roommate is unreliable about delivering messages.
D．She forgot about the time change.
M: Why did you come to the meeting late? I left a message with your roommate about the time change.
W: She has a very short memory and it really gets on my nerve sometimes.
Q: What does the woman imply?
Answer: (C) Her roommate is unreliable about delivering messages.
（第一段）
Some plays are so successful that they run for years on end.
run 戏剧、电影的连续上映
The movie has been running for 2 months.
The movie has ended its run.
表“连续”：
on end 连续
in a row
successively
听力真题：
A．She rearranged the chapters of her book.
B．She assured him that the chapter was finished.
C．She worked on the chapter for quite a while.
D．She wasn't sure how to end the book.
W: Did Linda ever finish that introductory chapter?
M: I'm not sure. She's spent hours on end rewriting it.
Q: What does the man imply about Linda?
Answer: (C) She worked on the chapter for quite a while.
听力真题：
A．She wishes the rain would stop soon.
B．She doesn’t care about the weather.
C．She’ll go out after the rain stops.
D．She expects it to rain for four more days.
M: It’s raining again.
W: This makes it four days in a row. Do you think it’ll ever stop?
Q: What does the woman mean?
Answer: (A) She wishes the rain would stop soon.
In many ways, this is unfortunate for the poor actors who are required to go on repeating the same lines night after night.
知识点（一）
in many ways 1.在很多方面/2.用某个方法
in many respects 在很多方面
in many aspects 在很多方面
in more ways than one 在不止一个方面
Considering the amount she paid, he was dear in more ways than one.
知识点（二）
require sb. to do (命令的) 要求某人做某事
request sb. to do (客气的) 要求某人做某事
You’re required not to smoke here.
You’re requested not to smoke here.
知识点（三）
表达“不停的做某事”：
go on doing
keep (on) doing
night after night
night by night
one night after another
One would expect them to know their parts by heart and never have cause to falter.
知识点（一）
know / learn sth. by heart 牢记、熟记
learn sth. 把某事学会/记住
知识点（二）
cause 做事情的理由
Our vicar is always raising money for one cause or another, …
Yet this is not always the case.
the case: a true situation 实情
This is not always the case.
This is indeed the case.的确是实情
This is not the case at all. 完全不是实情
This might not be the case. 可能不是实情
This is not necessarily the case. 不一定是实情
（第二段）
A famous actor in a highly successful play was once cast in the role of an aristocrat who had been imprisoned in the Bastille for 20 years.
知识点（一）
highly successful 非常成功
a highly successful Academy
知识点（二）
… was once cast as an aristocrat 扮演
… once performed / played / acted (the role / part of) an aristocrat
知识点（三）
had been imprisoned 被送到监狱
had been jailed / gaoled √
had been incarcerated √
had been locked up √
had been sent to prison X sent不可延续
had been put in prison X put不可延续
In the last act, a gaoler would always come on to the stage with a letter which he would hand to the prisoner.
知识点（一）
act (戏剧)幕
scene (戏剧)场
It happens in Hamlet, Act 3, Scene 1. 第三幕第一场
知识点（二）
come on （结合课文）演员登台
There was great applause when the Russian ballerina came on.
appear 登台
Just then, the gaoler appeared with the precious letter in his hands.
He scored only two minutes after he'd come on （运动员商场）.
知识点（三）
语法：前半句的末尾是后半句的成分，并列句改成状语从句，形式上的定语从句，发挥并列句的作用。
… with a letter which he would hand to the prisoner.
… with a letter and he would hand it to the prisoner.
… with a letter to hand to the prisoner. （独立主格）
Even though the noble was expected to read the letter at each performance, he always insisted that it should be written out in full.
知识点（一）
be expected to do 应该
be supposed to do 应该
should do 应该
听力真题：
A．He's supposed to go to the meeting.
B．He wants the woman to give George the message.
C．He doesn't know why George can't attend the meeting.
D．He forgot to deliver a message.
W: Do you know if George is coming to the meeting?
M: Oh, no, I was supposed to tell you that he is sick and can’t come.
Q: What does the man mean?
Answer: (D) He forgot to deliver a message.
知识点（二）
语法：虚拟语气；表示 “建议, 要求, 命令”动词后的宾语从句中用 (should) do
order, ask, decide, demand, require, advise, recommend, suggest, insist …
He suggested that we (should) help them with English.
The teacher ordered that the homework (should) be finished within half an hour.
知识点（三）
insist on … 坚持要求
课后题：
5． He always insisted ___A___ in full. (1.9)
(a) on its being written out
(b) on writing it out
(c) to have it written out
(d) that it would have to be written out
…, he always insisted on its being written out in full.
（第三段）
One night, the gaoler decided to play a joke on his colleague to find out if, after so many performances, he had managed to learn the contents of the letter by heart.
play a joke on sb. 跟某人开玩笑
He added that a student had dressed up as a policeman and was playing all sorts of silly jokes on people.
play a trick on sb. 跟某人开玩笑
He played a trick on his wife, but she beat him up.
kid (sb.) / joke 开玩笑
Are you kidding (me)?
Are you joking?
have a joke with sb. 给某人讲笑话
I’ve just had a joke with the manager.
make fun of sb. 嘲笑幕刃
The other children were always making fun of him because he was fat.
make a fool of sb. 捉弄某人
I suddenly realized that I was being made a fool of.
play the fool (with sb.) 装傻、逗人笑
Stop playing the fool (with me). You’ll fall!
课后题：
9． The gaoler decided to ___D___ his colleague. (1.10)
(a) have a joke with （b) play the fool with (c) make fun of (d)play a trick on
The curtain went up on the final act of the play and revealed the aristocrat sitting alone behind bars in his dark cell.
知识点（一）
the curtain（幕布） goes up / rises 幕布升起/下降
the curtain comes down / falls 幕布落下
The curtain rose … 幕布升起
draw / pull the curtains 拉窗帘
open / close the curtains 开/关窗帘
知识点（二）
on the final act 戏剧的最后一幕
in the last act 戏剧的最后一幕
知识点（三）
alone / on one’s own / by oneself 独自一人
She was sitting alone on a park bench.
I don’t like walking home on my own at night.
Do you share the apartment or do you live by yourself?
all (alone / on one’s own / by oneself ) 副词all加强语气
Wendy was frightened, all alone in that big old house.
oneself （做状语）强调“亲自”
Then I added with a smile,' It's a strange mixture I make myself.'
Lesson 46 Do it yourself
I would not hear of the suggestion and said that I would fix it myself.
lonely / lonesome （强调感情）孤单的
lonely hearts ad 征婚广告
Are you lonesome tonight? Do you miss me tonight? Are you sorry we drifted apart?
Just then, the gaoler appeared with the precious letter in his hands.
He entered the cell and presented the letter to the aristocrat.
present sth. to sb. 呈递给某人
present sb. with sth. 呈递给某人
When Dickie was given the watch, he presented the assistant with the cloth bag.
He entered the cell and presented the aristocrat with the letter.
But the copy he gave him had not been written out in full as usual.
as usual 像往常一样
Sam was in a bad mood as usual.
as ever
as always
like always
It was simply a blank sheet of paper.
sheet 固定规格的纸
The gaoler looked on eagerly, anxious to see if his fellow actor had at last learnt his lines.
知识点（一）
look on （不接宾语）旁观，看热闹
stand by （不接宾语）旁观，看热闹
Only one man tried to help us, the rest just looked on / stood by in silence.
onlooker 旁观者
bystander 旁观者
look on … as … 把…看做…
We look on her as a daughter.
stand by sb. 支持、帮助某人
He stood by her through the difficult times.
知识点（二）
语法：独立主格
… anxious to see if his fellow actor had at last learnt his lines.
= … being anxious to see if his fellow actor had at last learnt his lines
Ashamed of having acted so rashly, Dimitri apologized to Aleko for having accused him.
= Being ashamed of having acted so rashly, Dimitri apologized to Aleko for having accused him.
知识点（三）
表达“急切的做某事”：
be anxious / eager / impatient / itching / desperate / dying to do …
can’t wait to do …
知识点（四）
fellow +名词 表示身份与自己相同的人
Alf did this for over two years and his fellow dustmen kept his secret.
fellow students 同学
And so, my fellow Americans, ask not what your country can do for you; ask what you can do for your country. — John F. Kennedy
知识点（五）
表达“背下来”：
learn / know sth. by heart
learn sth.
know their parts by heart
learn the contents of the letter by heart
learn his lines
The noble stared at the blank sheet of paper for a few seconds.
Then, squinting his eyes, he said: 'The light is dim. Read the letter to me.'
知识点（一）
表达:“把…读给某人听”：
read sth. to sb.
read sb. sth.
Read me the letter.
知识点（二）
地道表达：
Then, he squinted his eyes and said: ‘the light is dim. Read the letter to me.’（不地道，不突出重点）
汉语：parataxis—平行语，连动句，没有轻重之别。
英语：hypotaxis—层次语，突出中心动词，次要动词状语化。
Then, he squinted his eyes and said: ‘the light is dim. Read the letter to me.’
Then, squinting his eyes, he said: ‘The light is dim. Read the letter to me.’
And he promptly handed the sheet of paper to the gaoler.
promptly 立即、立刻
Finding that he could not remember a word of the letter either, the gaoler replied: 'The light is indeed dim, sire. I must get my glasses.'
The gaoler found that he could not remember a word of the letter either, so he replied: ‘the light is dim, sire. I must get my glasses.’ （不地道，不突出重点）
Finding that he could not remember a word of the letter either, the gaoler replied: 'The light is indeed dim, sire, I must get my glasses.'
He looked at his watch and saw that it was one o'clock, but the bell struck thirteen times and then it stopped. （不地道，不突出重点）
Looking at his watch, he saw that it was one o'clock, but the bell struck thirteen times before it stopped.
With this, he hurried off the stage.
with （介词）随着
with the coming of spring
with the approach of Christmas
with the outbreak of war
with the progress of science
with the evidence began to accumulate X 错误表达，with介词
As the evidence began to accumulate, experts from the zoo felt obliged to investigate, …
Much to the aristocrat's amusement, the gaoler returned a few minutes later with a pair of glasses and the usual copy of the letter which he proceeded to read to the prisoner.
知识点（一）
to one’s … 使某人……的是
to one’s amusement
to one’s surprise
to one’s dismay
to one’s delight
to one’s sorrow
to one’s excitement
表达“使某人大为……的是”：
much to one’s …
to one’s great …
much to the aristocrat's amusement
to the aristocrat's great amusement
知识点（二）
语法：前半句的末尾是后半句的成分，并列句改成状语从句，形式上的定语从句，发挥并列句的作用。
…… and he proceeded to read it to the prisoner.
He violently beat the boy and the boy later died from his injuries.
He violently beat the boy who later died from his injuries.
Ha said he had lost his watch, but it was not true.
Ha said he had lost his watch, which was not true.
课后题：
1. Which of the following proverbs suits the gist of the story best? A
(a) He laughs best, who laughs last. 笑到最后的人，笑的最好
(b) Speech is silver, but silence is golden. 雄辩是银，沉默是金
(c) Look before you leap. 三思后行
(d) Don’t count your chickens before they are hatched. 不能乐观太早