Lesson45 The power of the press
Book
课文
In democratic countries any efforts to restrict the freedom of the press are rightly condemned.
在民主国家里，任何限制新闻自由的企图都理所当然地受到谴责。
However, this freedom can easily be abused.
然而，这种自由很容易被滥用。
Stories about people often attract far more public attention than political events.
常人轶事往往比政治事件更能引起公众注意。
Though we may enjoy reading about the lives of others, it is extremely doubtful whether we would equally enjoy reading about ourselves.
我们都喜欢看关于别人生活的报道，但是否同样喜欢看关于自己生活的报道，就很难说了。
Acting on the contention that facts are sacred, reporters can cause untold suffering to individuals by publishing details about their private lives.
记者按事实至上的论点行事，发表有关别人生活的细节，有时会给当事人造成极大的痛苦。
Newspapers exert such tremendous influence that they can not only bring about major changes to the lives of ordinary people but can even overthrow a government.
新闻具有巨大的威力。它们不仅可以给寻常人家的生活带来重大的变化，甚至还能推翻一个政府。
The story of a poor family that acquired fame and fortune overnight, dramatically illustrates the power of the press.
下面这户穷人一夜之间出名发财的故事戏剧性地说明了新闻报道威力。
The family lived in Aberdeen, a small town of 23,000 inhabitants in South Dakota.
这户人家住在南达科他州一个人口为23，000 的小镇上，镇名为阿拜丁。
As the parents had five children, life was a perpetual struggle against poverty.
家里已有5个孩子，全家人常年在贫困中挣扎。
They were expecting their 6th child and were faced with even more pressing economic problems.
第6个孩子即将问世，他们面临着更为严峻的经济问题。
If they had only had one more child, the fact would have passed unnoticed.
如果他们只添了1个孩子，这件事本来就不会引起任何人的注意。
They would have continued to struggle against economic odds and would have lived in obscurity.
这家人会继续为克服经济上的拮据而奋斗，并默默无闻地活下去。
But they suddenly became the parents of quintuplets, four girls and a boy, an event which radically changed their lives.
但是他们出人意料生了个五胞胎，4女1男。这事使他们的生活发生了根本的变化。
The day after the birth of the five children, an aeroplane arrived in Aberdeen bringing 60 reporters and photographers.
五胞胎降生第二天，一架飞机飞抵阿拜丁，随机带来60名记者与摄影师。
The rise to fame was swift.
这一家迅速出了名。
Television cameras and newspapers carried the news to everyone in the country.
电视摄像机和报纸把消息传送到全国。
Newspapers and magazines offered the family huge sums for the exclusive rights to publish stories and photographs.
报纸、杂志出高价向他们购买文字、图片的独家报道权。
Gifts poured in not only from unknown people, but from baby food and soap manufacturers who wished to advertise their products.
不但素昧平生的人寄来了大量的礼物，而且婴儿食品、婴儿肥皂制造厂商为了替自己产品做广告也寄来了大量的礼物。
The old farmhouse the family lived in was to be replaced by a new $500,000 home.
这家人住的旧家舍将由一座价值50万美元的新住宅所取代。
Reporters kept pressing for interviews so lawyers had to be employed to act as spokesmen for the family at press conferences.
由于记者纷纷要求会见，他们不得不请了律师充当他们家的发言人举行记者招待会。
While the five babies were still quietly sleeping in oxygen tents in a hospital nursery, their parents were paying the price for fame.
眼下，五胞胎还静静地躺在医院婴儿室的氧气帐里，他们的父母却为这名声付出了代价，
It would never again be possible for them to lead normal lives.
他们再也无法过正常的生活。
They had become the victims of commercialization, for their names had acquired a market value.
他们成了商业化的受害者，因为他们的名字具有了市场价值。
Instead of being five new family members, these children had immediately become a commodity.
这些孩子立即成了商品，而不是5个新的家庭成员。
词汇讲解
democratic [demə'krætɪk] adj. 民主的
a democratic country / government / society
the democratic process 民主化
【词根】
dem(o) = people 人
crat = ruler 统治者
cracy = rule 统治
democratic 民主的；民主政体的；民主制度的
democrat 民主主义者
democracy 民主；民主政体；民主制度
demography 人口统计；人口统计学；人口学 (graphy=write 写)
epidemic 流行病(epi=among)
autocrat 独裁者（→ auto-,自己的，-crat,统治者。）
autocratic 独裁的，专制的
autocracy 独裁；独裁政治；专制政治；专制制度（→ auto-,自己的，-cracy,统治）
bureaucrat 官僚；官僚主义者（[bureau办公桌→办公处→衙门，官府→官僚，cracy统治，crat统治者] 官僚）
bureaucratic 官僚的；官僚主义的
bureaucracy 官僚主义；官僚作风
restrict [rɪ'strɪkt] v. 限制，局限
The long skirt restricted her movements.
The government passed a law to restrict the sale of guns.
restrict … to … 把…限制在…范围之内
Access to the club is restricted to members only.
I restrict myself to a glass of wine per day.
limit … to … 把…限制在…范围之内
The air strikes are limited to military targets.
confine … to …
..., for collectors are not confined to any one country.
perpetual [pə'petʃuəl] adj. 1.永恒的，长久的；2.没完没了的
A perpetual (永恒的，长久的) mist hung over the valley.
He soon grew tired of her perpetual(没完没了的) demands for money.
【近义词】
eternal 1.不朽的；永久的；永恒的; 2.无休止的；永不停止的；没完没了的
eternal love / life / optimist
the eternal arguments between mother and son everlasting
everlasting 1.永久的；永恒的；经久不变的; 2.冗长的；持续过长的；重复太多的
everlasting fame / glory / life
I'm tired of his everlasting complaints.
【复习】 Lesson17
immortal 1.长生的；永世的；不朽的; 2.流芳百世的；名垂千古的
Plato believed that the soul is immortal.
the immortal Shakespeare
Emily Bronte's immortal love story
mortal 不能永生的；终将死亡的
All human beings are mortal.
a mortal wound
【复习】 Lesson25
permanent 永久的；永恒的；长久的
a permanent job
my permanent address
temporary 短暂的；暂时的；临时的
a temporary job
a temporary measure temporary relief from pain
obscurity [əb'skjʊərəti] n. 默默无闻
obscure adj.无名的；鲜为人知的
Readers happily accepted the fact that an obscure maidservant was really the hero's mother.
live in obscurity 过着默默无闻的生活
live in comfort 过着舒适的生活
live in peace 过着宁静的生活
live in fear 过着恐怖的生活
live in poverty 过着贫困的生活
live in luxury 过着奢侈的生活
live in happiness 过着快乐的生活
live in misery 过着悲惨的生活
commodity [kə'mɒdəti] n. 商品
agricultural commodities 农产品
Coal is becoming a rare commodity. 稀缺商品
Commodity prices fell sharply. 无价暴跌
【近义词】
goods （固定复数）
industrial / agricultural goods
wares （尤指小商贩在大街上或市场里出售的）物品
craftspeople selling their wares
Small boats loaded with wares sped to the great liner as she was entering the harbour.
merchandise [U] 商品；货品
a wide selection of merchandise
These tokens can be exchanged for merchandise in any of our stores.
课文讲解
（第一段）
In democratic countries any efforts to restrict the freedom of the press are rightly condemned.
知识点（1）
any efforts
any 一般接单数名词，efforts习惯用复数，本句话属于特例
知识点（2）
the press / the Press 新闻界、报界
This exhibition received a great deal of attention in the press, for though the pictures were supposed to be the work of famous artists, they had in fact been painted by Dickie.
(the) freedom of the press 新闻自由
(the) freedom of speech / expression / thought / choice 言论/表达/思想/选择 的自由
(the) press / academic / political / religious freedom
知识点（3）
rightly adv. for a good reason （出于非常好的理由）应该
They could be saved so much misery and expense if they chose to live in the city where they rightly belong.
知识点（4）
condemn A for / as B 把A谴责为B
The movie was condemned for its sexism.
The terrorist attack was condemned as an act of barbarism and cowardice.
知识点（5）【课文仿写】
造句：在民主国家，任何限制言论自由的企图都应该受谴责。
In democratic countries any efforts to restrict the freedom of speech are rightly condemned.
造句：在文明社会，任何歧视妇女的行径 (act) 都应该受谴责。
In civilized society any act of discrimination against women is rightly condemned.
However, this freedom can easily be abused.
知识点（1）
abuse （本文指）滥用
Stories about people often attract far more public attention than political events.
知识点（1）
attract / receive attention 吸引了/收到了 关注
This exhibition received a great deal of attention in the press, …
public / media / press attention 公众/媒体/新闻界 的关注
Her case attracted a great deal of media attention.
知识点（2）Lesson4
far / much / even / still / yet … 加强比较级的语气
slightly / a little / a bit …降低比较级的语气
These days, people who do manual work often receive far more money than clerks who work in offices.
To compensate for his unpleasant experiences in hospital, the man drank a little more than was good for him.
Though we may enjoy reading about the lives of others, it is extremely doubtful whether we would equally enjoy reading about ourselves.
语法分析:
Though we may enjoy reading about the lives of others（让步状语从句）, it（形式主语） is extremely doubtful whether we would（虚拟语气） equally enjoy reading about ourselves. （whether… 真正主语）
知识点（1）
it is doubtful if / whether / (that) … 是否这样…是非常可疑的
It is doubtful if he will survive.
It's doubtful whether the car will last another year.
It is doubtful that the missing airmen will ever be found.
知识点（2）
课文补全：
…, it is extremely doubtful whether we would equally enjoy reading about ourselves if we read about ourselves.
语法：暗含条件句的虚拟语气
To ignore this would be a mistake.
A picnic would not be any fun without you.
Your wife would not be pleased to hear you say that.
It would be a shame to stay indoors on such a beautiful day.
知识点（3）【课文仿写】
造句：尽管我们可能喜欢对别人恶作剧(play jokes on …)，但是我们是否喜欢别人对我们恶作剧是极其可疑的。
Though we may enjoy playing jokes on others, it is extremely doubtful whether we would equally enjoy others playing jokes on ourselves.
Acting on the contention that facts are sacred, reporters can cause untold suffering to individuals by publishing details about their private lives.
语法分析:
Acting on the contention that facts are sacred （同位语从句） （Acting…原因状语从句), reporters can cause untold suffering to individuals by publishing details about their private lives（方式状语）.
知识点（1）
act on ... 英文解释：take action in accordance with or as a result of sth 依照……行事
She is acting on the advice of her lawyers.
Police say they acted on information received.
Acting on a sudden impulse, I collected several dozen, put them in a paper bag, and took them to Robert.
知识点（2）
contention n. (fml.) 观点，论点
知识点（3）
untold: adj. = immeasurable （贬义）不可估量的
untold suffering / misery / damage etc.
知识点（4）【课文仿写】
造句：父母亲依照子女应该顺从 (be obedient to …) 长辈 (one’s elders) 这一观点干涉 (interfere in …) 成年子女的婚姻，可能给他们的成年子女(adult offspring) 造成不尽的痛苦。
Acting on the contention that children should be obedient to their elders, parents can cause untold suffering to their adult offspring by interfering in their marriages.
Newspapers exert such tremendous influence that they can not only bring about major changes to the lives of ordinary people but can even overthrow a government.
语法分析:
Newspapers exert such tremendous influence that they can not only（不但） bring about major changes to the lives of ordinary people but（而且） can even overthrow a government. （that... 引导结果状语）
知识点（1）Lesson26
exert … on … 对…施加…
…, for advertising exerts a subtle influence on us.
My wife exerts a lot of pressure on me to make more money. The influence of newspapers is so great that …
【总结】句式提炼
… exert such tremendous influence that … 某事影响特别大，以至于…
知识点（2）【课文仿写】
造句：宗教有如此大的影响，它们不但会给普通人的精神面貌 (spiritual outlook) 带来重大变化，甚至还可能决定世界的命运。
Religions exert such tremendous influence that they can not only bring about major changes to the spiritual outlook of ordinary people but can even determine the destiny of the world.
（第二段）
The story of a poor family that acquired fame and fortune overnight, dramatically illustrates the power of the press.
语法分析:
The story of a poor family that acquired fame and fortune overnight（that ...定语从句，修饰family）, dramatically illustrates the power of the press.
知识点（1）
acquire fame and fortune overnight 迅速成名获利
With the success of their first record, they acquired fame and fortune overnight.
rise to fame swiftly （Lesson21）迅速成名
Mendoza rose to fame swiftly after a boxing match when he was only fourteen years old.
The rise to fame was swift.
make a name for oneself （Lesson14）成名、出名
He soon made a name for himself and came to be known to the Italians as Giovanni Acuto.
【扩展】
make (the) headlines / hit the headlines（事物做主语）成了爆炸性的新闻
The 9/11 terrorist attack make (the) headlines around the world.
The 9/11 terrorist attack hit the headlines around the world.
be / become a household name / word 成了家喻户晓的名字、字
Coca Cola is a household name around the world.
Microsoft has become a household word.
She became a household name in the 1960s.
Cindy married one of her publishers and became a household word.
知识点（2）
illustrate v. 英文解释：to make the meaning of sth clearer by using examples, pictures, etc. （用例子、图表等）说明，阐明
To illustrate my point, let me tell you a little story.
The lecturer illustrated his point with a diagram on the blackboard.
【扩展】副词加强语气
amply（充分的） / clearly（清晰地） / dramatically（戏剧的） / graphically（生动的） / vividly（生动的） illustrate … …的阐明了
One example may amply illustrate this point.
The example of the United States graphically illustrates this point.
知识点（3）【课文仿写】
造句：一个原本默默无闻的 (obscure) 洗发水 (shampoo) 迅速变得家喻户晓的例子戏剧化地说明了广告宣传的力量。
The example of an obscure shampoo that became a household name overnight, dramatically illustrates the power of advertising.
The family lived in Aberdeen, a small town of 23,000 inhabitants in South Dakota.
知识点（1）
of 引出住了多少居民
a town of 11,000 inhabitants
a city of six million inhabitants
As the parents had five children, life was a perpetual struggle against poverty.
知识点（1）【课文仿写】
中式英语：（不地道的表达）
As the parents had five children, they perpetually struggled against poverty.
造句：基督徒的生活就是永远和自我的搏斗。
The life of a Christian is a perpetual struggle against self.
造句：炒股 (speculation in stocks) 就是永远和恐惧与贪婪的搏斗。
Speculation in stocks is a perpetual struggle against fear and greed.
They were expecting their 6th child and were faced with even more pressing economic problems.
知识点（1）
be expecting (a baby) 怀孕
be pregnant 怀孕（直白）
conceive (a baby) 怀孕
be in a family way 怀孕（委婉）
be knitting a tiny garment 怀孕（委婉）
关于“怀孕”的表达：
When is your baby due?
She gave birth to twins.
She aborted after 2 months.
She is on maternity leave（休产假）.
知识点（2）Lesson38
be faced with … 面临着（不好处理的问题）
= be confronted with …
…, for then man was faced with a real need to understand something about the seasons.
…, for it is impossible to foretell the exact nature of the difficulties which will confront the potholer.
…, and no father is confronted with his inability to 'buy' an education for his child.
知识点（3）
pressing adj. urgent 紧急的
pressing problem（紧急问题） / matter（急事） / need（急需） etc.
a pressing need for housing
Poverty is a more pressing problem than pollution.
If they had only had one more child, the fact would have passed unnoticed.
语法分析:
If they had（虚拟语气，与过去事实相反） only had one more child（if... 条件状语从句）, the fact would have passed unnoticed（主语补足语）.
知识点（1）复习
语法：与过去事实相反的虚拟
if + S. + had done, S. + would / should / could / might + have done
知识点（2）
unnoticed adj. without being noticed 无人注意的（一般都做主语补足语）
I tried to slip up the stairs unnoticed.
go / pass unnoticed 不为人知的过去了
The event went unnoticed.
Her death passed unnoticed.
The Ombudsman's prompt action at once put an end to an unpleasant practice which might have gone unnoticed.
造句：我不能让这种暴行 (brutality) 不了了之。
I cannot let this brutality go / pass unnoticed.
造句：要不是 (but for) 这封感谢信 (letter of thanks)，这件善举可能就不为人知地过去了。
But for the letter of thanks, the act of kindness might have gone / passed unnoticed.
They would have continued to struggle against economic odds and would have lived in obscurity.
知识点（1）
odds n. difficulties 困难 （本文表示）
struggle / fight / battle against the odds 与困难做斗争
beat / overcome the odds 战胜困难
against (all) the odds 面对重重困难
The hospital's director has been battling against the odds to improve patient care.
The South Africans overcame the odds to beat Australia.
Against all the odds she achieved her dream of becoming a ballerina.
But they suddenly became the parents of quintuplets, four girls and a boy, an event which radically changed their lives.
语法分析:
But they suddenly became the parents of quintuplets, four girls and a boy（同位语）, an event which radically changed their lives（定语从句，修饰an event）. （an event…做前面整个主语的同位语）
知识点（1）
radically change / alter … 彻底改变了……
Computers have radically changed our lives.
Relativity and quantum mechanics have radically altered our picture（观念） of nature.
radical changes in education 教育方面的彻底改变
知识点（2）【课文仿写】
造句：他突然间中了一千万美元的大奖 (win the lottery of …)，几乎是他年收入的 100 倍 (100 times the amount of his annual income)，这件事彻底改变了他的生活。
He suddenly won the lottery of ten million dollars, nearly 100 times the amount of his annual income, an event which radically changed his life.
The day after the birth of the five children, an aeroplane arrived in Aberdeen bringing 60 reporters and photographers.
语法分析:
The day after the birth of the five children（介词短语） （时间状语）, an aeroplane arrived in Aberdeen bringing 60 reporters and photographers（非谓语动词作伴随状语).
知识点（1） Lesson10、29
after/before 前加时间
Four days after setting out, while the Titanic was sailing across the icy waters of the North Atlantic, a huge iceberg was suddenly spotted by a look-out.
A man who had broken his right leg was taken to hospital a few weeks before Christmas.
（第三段）
The rise to fame was swift.
Television cameras and newspapers carried the news to everyone in the country.
知识点（1）
carry v. 英文解释：to publish or broadcast a news story 刊登，播出（新闻报道等）
All the papers carried the story the next day.
知识点（2）【课文仿写】
造句：当北京赢得了 2008 年奥林匹克运动会主办权的时候，电视摄像机和报纸把这一消息传遍了全世界。
When Beijing won to right to host the 2008 Olympic Games, Television cameras and newspapers carried the news to everyone in the world.
Newspapers and magazines offered the family huge sums for the exclusive rights to publish stories and photographs.
知识点（1）
exclusive adj. 英文解释：available or belonging only to particular people, and not shared 独家的，独享的
exclusive access / rights / use 独家 进入/权利/使用
They have exclusive rights to market the drug in Africa.
The road is for the exclusive use of residents.
exclusive report / coverage / interview 独家 报道/报道/采访
Tune in to our exclusive coverage of Wimbledon.
be exclusive to … 是…所独享的
This offer is exclusive to readers of The Sun.
Gifts poured in not only from unknown people, but from baby food and soap manufacturers who wished to advertise their products.
语法分析:
Gifts poured in not only（不但） from（地点状语） unknown people, but（而且） from（地点状语） baby food and soap manufacturers who wished to advertise their products（who...定语从句）.
知识点（1）
pour in 涌入（in副词）
Letters of complaints poured in.
Donations poured in for the earthquake victims in China.
pour into（介词） … / out of （介词）…
Crowds poured into / out of the stadium.
知识点（2）
表达“产品” 相关：
advertise a product 宣传产品
promote a product 推销产品
develop a product 开发产品
launch a product 推出新产品
The old farmhouse the family lived in was to be replaced by a new $500,000 home.
知识点（1） Lesson40
be to do 即将
Reporters kept pressing for interviews so lawyers had to be employed to act as spokesmen for the family at press conferences.
语法分析:
Reporters kept pressing for interviews so lawyers had to be employed to act as spokesmen for the family at press conferences（to... 目的状语从句）. （so... 引导结果状语）
知识点（1）
press (sb.) for sth. 迫切要求，一再敦促
Reporters pressed (him) for an explanation.
I pressed (him) for his consent to our marriage.
【区分】
be pressed for sth. 缺乏……
be pressed for time（时间） / money（钱） / cash（现金） / space（空间）
知识点（2）
act as / serve as / function as / be used as … （事物做主语）当做……来使用
The box acts as a seat.
act as … （人做主语）临时担任某种工作
My brother speaks French — he can act as interpreter.
Alfred the Great acted as his own spy, visiting Danish camps disguised as a minstrel.
知识点（3）
press conference 记者招待会
While the five babies were still quietly sleeping in oxygen tents in a hospital nursery, their parents were paying the price for fame.
语法分析:
While the five babies were still quietly sleeping in oxygen tents in a hospital nursery（地点状语) （时间状语从句）, their parents were paying the price for fame.
知识点（1）
oxygen tent n. 英文解释：a clear covering put over the head and upper body of an ill person to provide oxygen to help them breathe 氧气帐，氧幕
知识点（2）
nursery n. a room in a hospital where babies that have just been born are looked after 医院的婴儿室
知识点（3）
pay the price for sth. 为…付出代价
Being recognized wherever you go is the price you pay for being famous.
Pollution is the price we pay for an overpopulated, over industrialized planet.
be a small price to pay for … 对…来说算不了什么
be a high price to pay for … 对…来说算代价太高
Giving up his job was a small price to pay for his children's happiness.
Loneliness is a high price to pay for independence in your old age.
It would never again be possible for them to lead normal lives.
知识点（1）复习
lead / live a … life 过着…的生活
They can be friendly and affectionate towards humans, but they lead mysterious lives of their own as well.
They had become the victims of commercialization, for their names had acquired a market value.
知识点（1）
be / become the victim of … 变成了…的受害者
Only when he saw that the man was actually telephoning the police did he realize that they had all been the victims of a hoax.
They had become the victims of commercialization, for their names had acquired a market value.
A man without an education, many of us believe, is an unfortunate victim of adverse circumstances, deprived of one of the greatest twentieth-century opportunities.
知识点（2）
commercialization n. 商业化
commercialize【美】 / commercialise【英】 vt. 英文解释：[usually passive] to be more concerned with making money from sth. than about its quality, used to show disapproval 使商业化
Christmas has become so commercialized.
知识点（3）
market value n. 英文解释：the value of a product, building etc. based on the price that people are willing to pay for it, rather than the cost of producing it or building it 市场价值
Instead of being five new family members, these children had immediately become a commodity.
知识点（1）Lesson24
instead of …, … 本该……， 却……
Instead of becoming a doctor, however, he became a successful writer of detective stories.