Lesson53 In the public interest
Book
课文
The Scandinavian countries are much admired all over the world for their enlightened social policies.
斯堪的纳维亚半岛各国实行开明的社会政策，受到全世界的推崇。
Sweden has evolved an excellent system for protecting the individual citizen from high-handed or incompetent public officers.
在瑞典，已逐渐形成了一种完善的制度以保护每个公民不受专横的和不称职的政府官员的欺压。
The system has worked so well, that it has been adopted in other countries too.
由于这种制度行之有效，已被其他国家采纳。
The Swedes were the first to recognize that public officials like civil servants, police officers, health inspectors or tax-collectors can make mistakes or act over-zealously in the belief that they are serving the public.
是瑞典人首先认识到政府工作人员如文职人员、警官、卫生稽查员、税务人员等等也会犯错误或者自以为在为公众服务而把事情做过了头。
As long ago as 1809, the Swedish Parliament introduced a scheme to safeguard the interest of the individual.
早在1809年，瑞典论会就建立一个保护公民利益的制度。
A parliamentary committee representing all political parties appoints a person who is suitably qualified to investigate private grievances against the State.
议会内有一个代表各政党利益的委员会，由它委派一位称职的人选专门调查个人对国家的意见。
The official title of the person is 'Justiteombudsman', but the Swedes commonly refer to him as the 'J. O.' or 'Ombudsman'.
此人官衔为“司法特派员”，但瑞典人一般管他叫“J.O.”，即“司法特派员”。
The Ombudsman is not subject to political pressure.
司法特派员不受任何政治压力的制约。
He investigates complaints large and small that come to him from all levels of society.
他听取社会各阶层的各种大小意见，并进行调查。
As complaints must be made in writing, the Ombudsman receives an average of 1,200 letters a year.
由于意见均需用书面形式提出，司法特派员每年平均收到1,200封信。
He has eight lawyer assistants to help him and he examines every single letter in detail.
他有8位律师作他的助手协助工作，每封信都详细批阅。
There is nothing secretive about the Ombudsman's work, for his correspondence is open to public inspection.
司法特派员的工作没有什么秘密可言，他的信件是公开的，供公众监督。
If a citizen's complaint is justified the Ombudsman will act on his behalf.
如果公民的意见正确，司法特派员便为他伸张正义。
The action he takes varies according to the nature of the complaint.
司法特员采取的行动因意见的性质不同而有所不同。
He may gently reprimand an official or even suggest to parliament that a law be altered.
他可以善意地批评某位官员，也可以甚至向议会提议修改某项法律。
The following case is a typical example of the Ombudsman's work.
下述事件是司法特派员工作的一个典型例子。
A foreigner living in a Swedish village wrote to the Ombudsman complaining that he had been ill-treated by the police, simply because he was a foreigner.
一个住在瑞典乡村的外国人写信给司法特派员，抱怨说他受到警察的虐待，原因就是因为他是个外国人。
The Ombudsman immediately wrote to the Chief of Police in the district asking him to send a record of the case.
司法特派员立即写信给当地警察局长，请他寄送与此事有关的材料。
There was nothing in the record to show that the foreigner's complaint was justified and the Chief of Police strongly denied the accusation.
材料中没有任何文字记载证明外国人所说的情况符合事实，警察局长矢口否认这一指控。
It was impossible for the Ombudsman to take action, but when he received a similar complaint from another foreigner in the same village, he immediately sent one of his lawyers to investigate the matter.
司法特派员难以处理，但是当他又收到住在同一村庄的另一个外国人写的一封内容类似的投诉信时，他立即派出一位律师前去调查。
The lawyer ascertained that a policeman had indeed dealt roughly with foreigners on several occasions.
律师证实有个警察确实多次粗鲁地对待外国人。
The fact that the policeman was prejudiced against foreigners could not be recorded in the official files.
警察歧视外国人的事在官方档案中不可能加以记载，
It was only possible for the Ombudsman to find this out by sending one of his representatives to check the facts.
司法特派员只有派他的代表去核对事实才能了解真相。
The policeman in question was severely reprimanded and was informed that if any further complaints were lodged against him, he would be prosecuted.
当事的警察受到严厉的斥责，并被告知，如果再有人投诉他，他将受到起诉。
The Ombudsman's prompt action at once put an end to an unpleasant practice which might have gone unnoticed.
司法特派员及时采取的行动，迅速制止了这一起不愉快的事件，不然这件事可能因未得到人们注意而不了了之。
词汇讲解
evolve [i'vɒlv] v. 演变，逐渐形成；进化
evolve v. 含义1. to develop and change gradually over a long period of time 演变，逐渐形成
The school has evolved its own style of teaching.
Sweden has evolved an excellent system for protecting the individual citizen from highhanded or incompetent public officers.
evolve from … 从…演变出来
Popular music evolved from folk songs.
evolve into … 演变成了…
The group gradually evolved into a political party.
evolve v. 含义2. an animal or plant changes gradually over a long period of time 进化
Animals have evolved camouflage to protect themselves from predators.
evolve from …从…进化出来
Fish evolved from prehistoric sea creatures.
evolve into …进化成了…
Slowly, these tiny organisms evolved into multicelled creatures.
【同根词】
evolution n. 进化；演变，逐渐发展
Darwin's theory of evolution
the evolution of farming methods
【词根】
“volve” / “volu” = roll 转
evolve
involve
revolve
The earth revolves around the sun.
volume
evolution
revolution
an encyclopedia in 20 volumes
In politics Britain has preferred evolution to revolution.
over-zealously ['oʊvə 'zeləslɪ] adv. 过分热情地
【同根词】
overzealous adj. 英文解释：excessively enthusiastic 过分热情的
overzealous movie fans
an overzealous manager
【近义词组】
zeal for … 对…热情
zealous adj.热情的
passion for …
passionate
enthusiasm for …
enthusiastic
zest for …
zestful
ardor / ardour for …
ardent
qualified ['kwɒlɪfaɪd] adj. 有资格的，有资质的
qualified adj. 英文解释：having finished a training course, or having particular skills, etc. . 有资格的，有资质的
Tim is now a qualified architect.
be qualified for … 对…有资格的
What makes you think that you are qualified for this job?
be qualified to do … 有资格去做…
I'm not qualified to give advice on such matters.
A parliamentary committee representing all political parties appoints a person who is suitably qualified to investigate private grievances against the State.
【同根词】
qualify v.（使）有资格或能力
qualify as 有…的资格
He qualified as a doctor last year.
qualify sb. to do sth. 使某人有资格做某事
The test qualifies you to drive heavy vehicles.
qualify sb. for sth. 是某人有资格得到某事
This training course will qualify you for a better job.
Membership qualifies you for a discount on purchases.
qualification n. （某工作需要的）资格，能力；文凭，资质证书
In addition to all her other qualifications, Bessie was an expert cook.
secretive ['si:krətɪv] adj. 爱保密的，守口如瓶的
secretive adj. 英文解释：liking to keep things secret or to hide one's thoughts, feelings, etc. 爱保密的，守口如瓶的
be secretive about … 对…守口如瓶的
He's being very secretive about his new girlfriend.
There is nothing secretive about the Ombudsman's work, for his correspondence is open to public inspection.
【同根词】
secrecy n. keeping secrets, or state of being secret 保密
in secrecy / in secret / secretly 秘密地
Many civilians were slaughtered and buried in secrecy / in secret / secretly.
in the secrecy of one’s heart 某人内心深处
The personable young man is Mary’s true love in the secrecy of her heart.
be veiled / shrouded / cloaked in secrecy 处在隐秘之中
The president’s exact itinerary was veiled / shrouded / cloaked in secrecy for security reasons.
ascertain [æsə'teɪn] v. 查明，弄清，确定
ascertain v. (fml.) 英文解释：discover sth. so that one is certain 查明，弄清，确定
The police have so far been unable to ascertain the cause of the explosion.
ascertain whether / what / how etc. 确定、查明…
We need to ascertain whether the project is feasible.
ascertain that …确定、查明…
The police have ascertained that he knew the victim.
The lawyer ascertained that a policeman had indeed dealt roughly with foreigners on several occasions.
prejudiced ['predʒədɪst] adj. 有偏见的
prejudiced adj. 英文解释：showing an unreasonable dislike for sth. or sb. 有偏见的
The media has been accused of presenting a prejudiced view of people with disabilities.
prejudiced against … 对…有偏见
The early Christian church was prejudiced against the Jews.
The fact that the policeman was prejudiced against foreigners could not be recorded in the official files.
【近义词组】
be biased against … 对…有偏见的
be biased in favor of / toward(s) … 对…偏袒的
be partial to / toward(s) … 对…偏袒的
He seemed a bit biased against women in my opinion. （偏见）
The judge is biased in favor of the plaintiff. （偏袒）
The referee was clearly partial to the other side. （偏袒）
【同根词】【扩展】
prejudice (against …)
bias (against …)
bias (in favor of / toward(s) …)
partiality (to / toward(s) …)
课文讲解
（第一段）
The Scandinavian countries are much admired all over the world for their enlightened social policies.
知识点（1）
Scandinavian n. & adj. 英文解释：(native) of Scandinavia (i.e. Denmark, Norway, Sweden, Finland, Iceland)
知识点（2）Lesson48
much 常与过去分词构成的形容词连用，表示“广为……”“广受……”
The money will buy much needed books for the school.
Education is a much discussed government service.
（复合形容词）much表示“很多人参与的、广为…”
much-used 广泛使用的
much-needed 广泛需要的
much-travelled 旅游广泛的
much-loved 深受爱戴的
much-respected 广受尊敬的
much-admired 广受钦佩的
much-discussed 广为讨论的
much-criticized 备受批评的
much-acclaimed 备受赞扬的
In this much-travelled world, there are still thousands of places which are inaccessible to tourists.
知识点（3）Lesson23
表达“世界各地”；
all over the world
throughout the world
around the world
in various parts of the world
the world over
Cooked in wine, snails are a great luxury in various parts of the world.
知识点（4）Lesson49
enlightened 开明的
Though my aunt pursued what was, in those days, an enlightened policy, in that she never allowed her domestic staff to work more than eight hours a day, she was extremely difficult to please.
Sweden has evolved an excellent system for protecting the individual citizen from high-handed or incompetent public officers.
知识点（1）
【辨析】
Sweden n. 瑞典
Swede n. 瑞典人
Swedish adj. 瑞典的，瑞典人的，瑞典语的；n. 瑞典语
The Swedes were the first to recognize that …
the Swedish Parliament
a Swedish village
Switzerland n. 瑞士
Swiss n. 瑞士人（单复同型）；adj. 瑞士的，瑞士人的，瑞士方言的
知识点（2）
protect … from … 保护某人某事…以防…
The cover protects the machine from dust.
知识点（3）
high-handed adj. 英文解释：using authority in an unreasonable way, without considering the opinions of other people 专横的，颐指气使的
She resented his high-handed manner.
The system has worked so well, that it has been adopted in other countries too.
知识点（1）
work v. 英文解释：to have a particular effect or result 有某种效果
The strategy seems to be working.
Criticizing your former employers works against you in the interview.
Carlyle was entirely ignorant of what the bottle in his pocket contained, of the nature of the illness from which his friend was suffering, and of what had previously been wrong with his wife, but a medicine that had worked so well in one form of illness would surely be of equal benefit in another, and comforted by the thought of the help he was bringing to his friend, he hastened to Henry Taylor's house.
（第二段）
The Swedes were the first to recognize that public officials like civil servants, police officers, health inspectors or tax-collectors can make mistakes or act over-zealously in the belief that they are serving the public.
语法分析:
The Swedes were the first to recognize （that… 宾语从句）that public officials like（引导后置定语或看做引出同位语） civil servants, police officers, health inspectors or tax-collectors can make mistakes or act over-zealously in the belief that they are serving the public（原因状语).
知识点（1）
public official n. 公职人员（以官方的身份行事的人）
civil servant
= public servant n. 公务员（政府文职人员）
知识点（2）
health inspector n. 英文解释：someone who works for the government whose job is to visit restaurants and make sure that they are clean and obeying laws about preparing food 卫生检查员
知识点（3）
in the belief that …
= because sb. believe that …因为某人相信……
She wrote to him in the belief that he would help her.
语法：“in the + 表示感觉的名词”在句中作原因状语
in the belief that …
= because sb. believe that … 因为某人相信……
in the thought that …
= because sb. think that … 因为某人认为……
in the discovery that …
= because sb. discover that … 因为某人发现了……
in the hope of doing / that …
= because sb. hope to do / that … 因为某人希望……
The Swedes were the first to recognize that public officials like civil servants, police officers, health inspectors or tax-collectors can make mistakes or act over-zealously in the belief that (=because they believe that) they are serving the public.
They leave unwanted objects in drawers, cupboards and attics for years, in the belief that (=because they believe that) they may one day need just those very things.
Young men who have reason to fear that they will be killed in battle may justifiably feel bitter in the thought that (=because they think that) they have cheated of the best things that life has to offer.
In the lift her thoughts were on lunch and a good rest; but when she got out at her own floor, both were forgotten in her sudden discovery that (=because she suddenly discovered that) her front door was open.
The men of our family waded down through our flooded meadows with boathooks, in the hope of being (=because they hope to be) able to grapple a corner of the raft and pull it out of the current towards our bank.
As long ago as 1809, the Swedish Parliament introduced a scheme to safeguard the interest of the individual.
知识点（1）复习
as long ago as …
= as early as … 早在……就……
知识点（2）
parliament n. 英文解释：group of people who are elected to make a country’s laws and discuss important national affairs 国会，议会
Parliament n. （P大写，特指英国国会）英文解释：the main law-making institution in the UK, which consists of the House of Commons and the House of Lords 英国国会（包括下议院和上议院）
parliamentary adj. 议会的，国会的
a parliamentary committee
Congress n. （特指美国国会）英文解释：the group of people elected to make laws in the US, consisting of the Senate and the House of Representatives 美国国会（包括参议院和众议院）
congressional adj. 美国国会的
a congressional committee
知识点（3）Lesson21
introduce v. 开始推行，开始采用
The use of gloves was not introduced until 1860 when the Marquis of Queensberry drew up the first set of rules.
知识点（4）Lesson50
scheme n. 1. 计划，方案；2. 阴谋诡计
Most of us fail in our efforts at self-improvement because our schemes （计划）are too ambitious and we never have time to carry them out.
schemes and intrigues 阴谋诡计
知识点（5）
safeguard v. 英文解释：to protect sth. from harm or damage 保护，保卫
We hope that world leaders can agree on a plan to safeguard the environment.
safeguard sb. / sth. against sth. 保护某人某事以对抗…
The company was blamed for failing to safeguard workers against dangerous chemicals.
【同根词】
safeguard n. 预防措施
safeguard against … 对于…的预防措施
Congress established the law as a safeguard against tax evasion.
A parliamentary committee representing all political parties appoints a person who is suitably qualified to investigate private grievances against the State.
语法分析:
A parliamentary committee representing all political parties（后置定语） appoints a person who is suitably qualified to investigate private grievances against the State（定语从句）.
知识点（1）
appoint v. 英文解释：to choose someone for a position or a job 任命，委任
They have appointed a new manager.
appoint sb. to sth. 把某人任命到…
It made sense to appoint a banker to this job.
appoint sb. to do sth. 任命某人做某事
A lawyer was appointed to represent the child.
appoint sb. (as) sth. 任命某人担任某事
They appointed him (as) captain of the English team.
知识点（2）
grievance n. 英文解释：a complaint or a strong feeling that you have been treated unfairly 委屈，不平，不满，牢骚
inviting the members to air their grievances
Management agreed to settle the workers' grievances.
Bill still harbours（委屈、不满） / nurses（委屈、不满） a grievance against his employers for not promoting him.
The official title of the person is 'Justiteombudsman', but the Swedes commonly refer to him as the 'J. O.' or 'Ombudsman'.
知识点（1）复习
表达“把A成为B”：
refer to A as B
call A B
address A as B
know A as B
常与副词 commonly, usually, generally, frequently, often 等连用
The official title of the person is 'Justiteombudsman', but the Swedes commonly refer to him as the 'J.O.' or 'Ombudsman'.
Though these large machines still exist, many of their functions have been taken over by small powerful personal computers, commonly known as PCs.
People who work in offices are frequently referred to as 'white collar workers' for the simple reason that they usually wear a collar and tie to go to work.
The Ombudsman is not subject to political pressure.
知识点（1）
be subject to sth. 英文解释：likely to be affected by sth., especially sth. bad 可能或易于受到……的影响
Flights are subject to delay because of the fog.
Smokers are more subject to heart attacks than non-smokers.
He investigates complaints large and small that come to him from all levels of society.
语法分析:
He investigates complaints large and small（后置定语） that come to him from all levels of society（that ...定语从句）.
知识点（1）
语法：两个含义相反的形容词连用时，常位于被修饰名词之后。
He investigates complaints large and small that come to him from all levels of society.
A man with a noble heart never bows before difficulties great or small.
We should be fair to all people, big and small, young and old.
知识点（2）
level n. 英文解释：relative position in rank, class or authority 级别，阶层
These are subjects for discussion at management level.
As complaints must be made in writing, the Ombudsman receives an average of 1,200 letters a year.
知识点（1）Lesson37
表达“做投诉”:
make / bring / file / lodge / submit / a complaint + about sth.(投诉事) / against sb.（投诉人）
I'd like to make a complaint about the noise.
He brought a complaint against his former manager.
I determined to lodge a complaint as soon as we arrived.
… if any further complaints were lodged against him, he would be prosecuted.
知识点（2）
in writing 以书面形式
All bookings must be confirmed in writing.
in speech 以口头形式
He expressed his opinions both in speech and in writing.
in … 以…形式
speak in English
pay in cash
a short note scribbled in pencil write a message in code
The title was printed in capital letters.
知识点（3）
an average of … 平均……
Parents spend an average of $220 a year on toys for their children.
Prices have risen by an average of 4% over the past year.
on average / on an average 平均……（做状语）
My income’s rather variable, but I earn $100 a day on average.
As a reasonable guess, they might, on an average, be 100 light years away.
He has eight lawyer assistants to help him and he examines every single letter in detail.
知识点（1）
every single 每一……（加强 every 的语气）
We eat rice every single day!
Don't write down every single word I say.
There is nothing secretive about the Ombudsman's work, for his correspondence is open to public inspection.
知识点（1）句式总结
There is nothing secretive about … 没有什么可保密的
There is nothing secretive about it .
There is nothing secretive about Christianity.
知识点（2）
correspondence n. [U] 英文解释： the letters that someone sends and receives, especially official or business letters 信件
She has a lot of correspondence to deal with.
mail n. [U] 英文解释：the letters and packages that are delivered to you 邮件
There isn't much mail today.
He agreed that a train did come into the station at the time on the paper and that it did stop, but only to take on mail, not passengers.
知识点（3）
open adj. 英文解释：public, not limited 公开的，开放的，没有限制的
be open to sb. / sth. 对…公开的
The competition is open to anyone over the age of sixteen.
I'd like to think I am open to any reasonable suggestion.
If a citizen's complaint is justified the Ombudsman will act on his behalf.
知识点（1）
justified adj. 英文解释：having an acceptable explanation or reason 合理的
be / feel justified in doing sth. 做某事合理的
She felt fully justified in asking for her money back.
【同根词】
justify v. 英文解释：to show or prove that sb./sth. is right or reasonable 表明或证明……是合理的
The end justifies the means.
justification n. [U and C] 英文解释：a good and acceptable reason for doing sth. 正当的理由
justification for (doing) sth. 做某事的理由
There is no justification for holding her in jail.
In the young there is a justification for this feeling.
知识点（2）
on behalf of sb. / on sb.'s behalf in behalf of sb. / in sb.'s behalf
含义1：representing; instead of 代表，代替
Unfortunately, George cannot be with us today so I am pleased to accept this award on his behalf.
含义2：in the interest of sb. 为了某人的利益
The legal guardian must act on behalf of the child.
They campaigned on behalf of asylum seekers.
The action he takes varies according to the nature of the complaint.
语法分析:
The action he takes（定语从句） varies according to the nature of the complaint（介词短语做状语）.
知识点（1）
take action 英文解释： do sth. in response to what has happened 采取行动
Immediate action must be taken to stop the fire spreading.
It was impossible for the Ombudsman to take action, …
知识点（2）
vary according to / depending on … 根据…而变化（做状语）
Prices vary according to the type of room you require.
The leaf's size varies widely according to the area where it grows.
Costs are likely to vary depending on where you live.
Every solid object will reflect a sound, varying according to the size and nature of the object.
He may gently reprimand an official or even suggest to parliament that a law be altered.
语法分析:
He may gently reprimand an official or even suggest to parliament（状语前置） that a law be（should do型的虚拟语气） altered（宾语从句）.
知识点（1）Lesson31
reprimand / rebuke sb. for sth. （上下级）因为某事批评某人
I was reprimanded / rebuked by my manager for being late.
Recognizing who the customer was, the manager was most apologetic and reprimanded the assistant severely.
The following case is a typical example of the Ombudsman's work.
（第三段）
A foreigner living in a Swedish village wrote to the Ombudsman complaining that he had been ill-treated by the police, simply because he was a foreigner.
语法分析:
A foreigner living in a Swedish village（非谓语动词做后置定语） wrote to the Ombudsman complaining that（that… 宾语从句） he had been ill-treated by the police, simply because he was a foreigner（原因状语).（complaining…可以看做非谓语动词做后置定语修饰新的内容，也可看做伴随状语）
知识点（1）
write to sb. 向某人写信
= write a letter to sb.
知识点（2）
ill-treat v. 英文解释：to treat sb. in a cruel or unkind way, abuse 虐待
ill-treat one's dog
They thought Mr. Smith had been ill-treating his wife.
非谓语动词做形容词
ill adv. badly
ill-treated animals
ill-bred
ill-advised
ill-mannered
【反义】
well-bred
well-advised
well-informed
well-intentioned
知识点（3）Lesson4、46
simply because …
= for the simple reason that …
People who work in offices are frequently referred to as 'white collar workers' for the simple reason that they usually wear a collar and tie to go to work.
I was not surprised to find that the machine still refused to work after I had reassembled it, for the simple reason that I was left with several curiously shaped bits of metal which did not seem to fit anywhere.
【总结】
simply because … 只不过因为……
partly because … 部分是因为……
mainly because … 主要是因为……
Many exam candidates lose marks simply because they do not read the questions properly.
I decided to go with them, mainly because I had nothing better to do.
Hubert never experienced any fear, and this was partly because he was not particularly intelligent.
The Ombudsman immediately wrote to the Chief of Police in the district asking him to send a record of the case.
语法分析:
The Ombudsman immediately wrote to the Chief of Police in the district（地点状语） asking him to send a record of the case（后置定语,修饰wrote to）.
知识点（1）
Chief of Police n. 英文解释：the most senior police officer in a city who is in charge of all the police there 警察局长
There was nothing in the record to show that the foreigner's complaint was justified and the Chief of Police strongly denied the accusation.
语法分析:
There was nothing in the record（后置定语1,修饰nothing；或可以看做地点状语） to show that（that… 宾语从句） the foreigner's complaint was justified（后置定语2,修饰nothing） and the Chief of Police strongly denied the accusation.
知识点（1）
deny an accusation / a charge 否认指控
【复习】
accuse sb. of sth. 指责、指控某人
charge sb. with sth. 指责、指控某人
It was impossible for the Ombudsman to take action, but when he received a similar complaint from another foreigner in the same village, he immediately sent one of his lawyers to investigate the matter.
语法分析:
It（形式主语） was impossible for the Ombudsman to take action（真正主语）, but when he received a similar complaint from another foreigner in the same village（时间状语从句）, he immediately sent one of his lawyers to investigate the matter（目的状语）.
The lawyer ascertained that a policeman had indeed dealt roughly with foreigners on several occasions.
知识点（1）
deal well / badly etc. by / with sb. (fml.) 英文解释：treat sb. well, badly etc. 对某人好、坏等
He has always dealt well by me.
You've been badly dealt with.
The police dealt roughly with the rioters.
He deals fairly with all people.
I consider he has been dealt with leniently.
The fact that the policeman was prejudiced against foreigners could not be recorded in the official files.
语法分析:
The fact that the policeman was prejudiced against foreigners（同位语从句） could not be recorded in the official files.
It was only possible for the Ombudsman to find this out by sending one of his representatives to check the facts.
语法分析:
It（形式主语） was only possible for the Ombudsman to find this out by sending one of his representatives to check the facts（方式状语）. （真正主语）
The policeman in question was severely reprimanded and was informed that if any further complaints were lodged against him, he would be prosecuted.
语法分析:
The policeman in question was severely reprimanded and was informed （that… 宾语从句）that if any further complaints were lodged against him（条件状语从句）, he would be prosecuted.
知识点（1）
in question: being discussed 正在被讨论的，提到的，谈到的
The woman in question is sitting over there.
The job in question is available for three months only.
知识点（2）
lodge a complaint against sb. 投诉某人
知识点（3）
prosecute vt. 检举，起诉，对……提起公诉
Trespassers will be prosecuted.
Shoplifters will be prosecuted.
The Ombudsman's prompt action at once put an end to an unpleasant practice which might have gone unnoticed.
语法分析:
The Ombudsman's prompt action at once put an end to an unpleasant practice which might have gone（虚拟语气） unnoticed（定语从句）.
知识点（1）
put / bring an end to sth. 英文解释：stop sth. from happening any more; abolish sth. 终止……，废止……
The government is determined to put an end to terrorism.
It's hoped the talks may bring an end to the violence.
知识点（2）Lesson45
go / pass unnoticed 不为人知的过去了（unnoticed主语补足语）
The event went unnoticed.
Her death passed unnoticed.
If they had only had one more child, the fact would have passed unnoticed.
知识点（3）复习
语法：虚拟语气
课文补全：
The Ombudsman's prompt action at once put an end to an unpleasant practice which might have gone unnoticed if there had not been the Ombudsman's prompt action.