Lesson59 Collecting
Book
课文
People tend to amass possessions, sometimes without being aware of doing so.
人们喜欢收藏东西，有时并没有意识到自己在这样做。
Indeed they can have a delightful surprise when they find something useful which they did not know they owned.
确实，一旦无意之中从自己的收藏品中找到某件有用的东西时，可以给人一种惊喜的感觉。
Those who never have to move house become indiscriminate collectors of what can only be described as clutter.
那些从来不必搬家的人们成了一种无所无容的收藏家。
They leave unwanted objects in drawers, cupboards and attics for years, in the belief that they may one day need just those very things.
他们专门收藏那些只能被称作杂货的东西。他们在抽屉里，碗柜中、阁楼上堆放着一些不用的东西，一放就是好几年，
As they grow old, people also accumulate belongings for two other reasons, lack of physical and mental energy, both of which are essential in turning out and throwing away, and sentiment.
相信总有一天需要的正好是那些东西。人们年老之后也喜欢收藏东西，不过是出于两个不同的原因：一是体力，精力均告不佳，这二者是清除无用的东西必不可少的因素；另一原因是感情因素。
Things owned for a long time are full of associations with the past, perhaps with relatives who are dead, and so they gradually acquire a value beyond their true worth.
东西搁得时间久了，便会充满着与过去岁月的联系，比方说与死去的亲戚有关。因此这些东西慢慢获得了一种超出它本身的价值。
Some things are collected deliberately in the home in an attempt to avoid waste.
居家度日，有目的地收藏某些东西是为了防止浪费。
Among these I would list string and brown paper, kept by thrifty people when a parcel has been opened, to save buying these two requisites.
这些东西中我想举出线绳和包装纸为例，节俭的人们打开包裹后便把这两样必备的东西收藏起来。省得日后去买。
Collecting small items can easily become a mania.
收集小玩艺儿很容易着迷。
I know someone who always cuts sketches out from newspapers of model clothes that she would like to buy if she had the money.
我认识一个人，她总喜欢从报纸上剪下流行服装的图样，等以后有钱时去买服装。
As she is not rich, the chances that she will ever be able to afford such purchases are remote; but she is never sufficiently strongminded to be able to stop the practice.
由于她并不富裕，她买得起这些服装的可能性十分渺茫，但她又缺乏足够坚强的意志把这一收集活动停下来。
It is a harmless habit, but it litters up her desk to such an extent that every time she opens it, loose bits of paper fall out in every direction.
这种习惯无害，只把写字台里堆得满满当当，以致每次打开抽屉总能带出许多纸片四处飞扬。
Collecting as a serious hobby is quite different and has many advantages.
作为一种严肃的业余爱好的收藏活动完全是另外一回事，
It provides relaxation for leisure hours, as just looking at one's treasures is always a joy.
它具有许多益处，它可以使人在闲暇中得到休息，因为欣赏自己收藏的珍品总会充满了乐趣。
One does not have to go outside for amusement, since the collection is housed at home.
人们不必走到户外去寻求娱乐，因为收藏品都是存放在家中。
Whatever it consists of, stamps, records, first editions of books, china, glass, antique furniture, pictures, model cars, stuffed birds, toy animals, there is always something to do in connection with it, from finding the right place for the latest addition, to verifying facts in reference books.
不管收藏品是什么，邮票、唱片、头版书籍、瓷器、玻璃杯、老式家具、绘画、模型汽车、鸟类标本，还是玩具动物，从为新增添的收藏品寻找摆放位置到核对参考书中的事实，总归有事可做。
This hobby educates one not only in the chosen subject, but also in general matters which have some bearing on it.
这种爱好不仅能使人从选择的专题中受到教育，而且也能从与之有关的一般事物中获得长进。
There are also other benefits.
除此之外，还有其他的益处。
One wants to meet like-minded collectors, to get advice, to compare notes, to exchange articles, to show off the latest find.
收藏者要会见情趣相投的收藏者，以获取教益，交流经验、交换收藏品，炫耀自己的最新收藏。
So one's circle of friends grows.
朋友的圈子就这样不断扩大。
Soon the hobby leads to travel, perhaps to a meeting in another town, possibly a trip abroad in search of a rare specimen, for collectors are not confined to any one country.
用不了多久，有这种爱好的人便开始旅行，也许是去另一个城市参加会议，也可能是出国寻找一件珍品，因为收藏家是不分国籍的。
Over the years, one may well become an authority on one's hobby and will very probably be asked to give informal talks to little gatherings and then, if successful, to larger audiences.
一人积了多年经验会成为自己这种爱好的权威，很可能应邀在小型集会上作非正式的讲话。如果讲得好，可能向更多人发表演说。
In this way self-confidence grows, first from mastering a subject, then from being able to talk about it.
这样，你自信心不断增强，先是因为掌握一门学问，接下来是因为能够就此发表见解。
Collecting, by occupying spare time so constructively, makes a person contented, with no time for boredom.
收藏活动通过富有建设性地利用业余时间使人感到心满意足，不再有无聊之日。
词汇讲解
amass [ə'mæs] vt. 积累，积聚
How had he amassed his fortune?
For 25 years, Darwin amassed evidence to support his theories.
【近义词组】【复习】
accumulate vt. 积攒 vi. 累积；积聚
accumulate knowledge / possessions
Debts began to accumulate.
However, as the evidence began to accumulate, experts from the Zoo felt obliged to investigate, …
collect / gather v. 收集; 聚集
Dust had collected on the window-sill.
I didn't know what to do with it, so it just sat there collecting dust.
The darkness is gathering.
You may as well take these books ― they're just gathering dust on the shelf.
pile up / build up
Meanwhile, the traffic piled up behind. He piled up huge debts.
Traffic is building up on roads into the city.
The gallery has built up a fine collection of contemporary art.
indiscriminate [ɪndɪs'krɪmɪnət] adj. 不加选择的
be indiscriminate in … 在某些方面不加选择
He is indiscriminate in his choice of friends.
【同根词】
discriminate vi. 区别；辨别 vt. 歧视；区别；辨别
discriminate against … 歧视
discriminate against women
discriminate against ethnic minorities
discrimination n. 歧视；区别，辨别；识别力
racial discrimination
sexual discrimination
religious discrimination
requisite ['rekwɪzɪt]n. 必需品
requisite
= necessity
daily necessities
【同根词】
prerequisite n. 先决条件 adj. 首要必备的
mania ['meɪniə] n. 狂热，癖好；躁狂症
mania / craze
soccer mania / craze
fitness mania / craze
【同根词】
maniac n. 疯子，躁狂者 adj. 发狂的；狂热的；癫狂的
a sex maniac 色狼
【词根】
kleptomania n. 盗窃癖
pyromania n. 放火狂；纵火癖
megalomania n. [内科] 夸大狂；狂妄自大
dipsomania n. 饮酒狂
bibliomania n. 藏书癖，藏书狂; 集书狂
remote [rɪ'məʊt] adj. 遥远的；（可能性）微小的
in the remote past / future 在遥远的…
remote control 遥控器
The chances are remote / slight / slim / small. 机会、可能性渺小、微小的
The chances are high / good. 可能性很大
The following day, however, the doctor consoled him by telling him that his chances of being able to leave hospital in time for New Year celebrations were good.
strong-minded [strɒŋ 'maɪndɪd] adj. 意志坚强的
【近义词】表达“意志坚强的”：
strong-minded
iron-willed
resolute
determined
【近义词】【扩展】表达“固执的”：
stubborn
obstinate
【反义词】表达“犹豫的”：
hesitant
verify ['verɪfaɪ]v. 证实，核实
verify data / details
【近义词】
testify vi. 作证；证明 vt. 证明，证实；作证
testify against sb. / in favor of sb.
justify vi. 证明合法；整理版面 vt. 证明…是正当的；替…辩护
The end justifies the means.
contented [kən'tentɪd] adj. 心满意足的
做定语
a contented heart
a contented smile
做表语
Whenever he returns to this place he is happy and contented.
【同根词】
content adj. 满意的 （只能做表语）
be content with … 对…满意
be content to do … 做…满意
He is content with his present job.
He is content to stay in his present job. collecting
课文讲解
（标题）
Collecting
知识点（1）
写作：标题
collecting 动名词，这个词更强调收藏的动作、行为
collection 名词，这个词多表示收藏的东西、藏品
（第一段）
People tend to amass possessions, sometimes without being aware of doing so.
知识点（1）
tend to do 往往、常常、倾向于
【近义词组】表达“往往、常常、倾向于”：
have a tendency to do
be inclined to do
be apt to do
【辨析】表达“打算去做”：
intend to do
mean to do
be going to do
plan to do
have every intention of doing
have no intention of doing 无意做某事
I had no intention of buying one, but I could not conceal the fact that I was impressed by the size of the diamonds.
知识点（2）
amass possessions 积累财富、财产
accumulate belongings 积累财富、财产
【复习】Lesson32
belongings / things （习惯用复数）动产
He told me to unpack my things and then come down to dinner.
property / real estate 不动产/房地产
the property market 房地产市场
real estate agent 房地产经纪人
possessions / property 泛指财产（动产不动产都可）
People tend to amass possessions, sometimes without being aware of doing so.
assets 资产
liquid / fixed / tangible / intangible assets 流动/固定/有型/无形资产
知识点（3）复习
… without being aware of doing so.
课文写法替换：
… without being conscious of doing so. 没有意识到
They disregard social conventions without being conscious that they are doing anything extraordinary.
【扩展】表达“没有意识到”：
… without knowing so.
… without realizing so.
… (being) unaware / unconscious of doing so.
He used to sleep during the day and work at night, quite unaware of the fact that he had become the ghost of Endley.
知识点（4）【课文仿写】
造句：人们变老时往往睡得更少，有时候自己都没有意识到。
People tend to sleep less when they get older, sometimes without being aware of doing so.
Indeed they can have a delightful surprise when they find something useful which they did not know they owned.
语法分析：
Indeed they can have a delightful surprise when they find something useful which they did not know（嵌入式定语从句） they owned. （which...定语从句）（when...时间状语从句）
知识点（1）
delightful surprise 惊喜交加
painful joy 苦乐交织
sweet sorrow 甜蜜的忧伤
hating love 爱恨交织
mixed feelings / emotions 杂柔的情绪
Those who never have to move house become indiscriminate collectors of what can only be described as clutter.
语法分析：
Those who never have to move house（who...定语从句） become indiscriminate collectors of what can only be described as clutter. （what… 宾语从句）
知识点（1）
语法：定语从句的先行词不能是人称代词，应该用指示代词
知识点（2）
move house / home 搬家
We’re moving house / home next week. move
We’re moving next week.
move to ... 搬到…
We’re moving to Shanghai.
move in … 搬进来
They've bought a new house, but it will need a lot of work before they can move in.
move out 搬出去
Her landlord has given her a week to move out.
【扩展】
up sticks / pull up stakes 搬家
This is the fourth time in five years that we've had to up sticks / pull up stakes.
知识点（3）
【总结】【复习】 表达“被称为…”：
be described as …
be called …
be regarded as …
be classified as …
be branded as …
They leave unwanted objects in drawers, cupboards and attics for years, in the belief that they may one day need just those very things.
语法分析：
They leave unwanted objects in drawers, cupboards and attics（地点状语） for years（时间状语）, in the belief that they may one day need just those very things（that... 同位语从句）. （in the belief... 原因状语）
知识点（1）
undesirable / unwelcome 不想要的、不需要的
知识点（2）Lesson53
in the belief that …
= because sb. believe that …因为某人相信……
She wrote to him in the belief that he would help her.
语法：“in the + 表示感觉的名词”在句中作原因状语
in the belief that …
= because sb. believe that … 因为某人相信……
in the thought that …
= because sb. think that … 因为某人认为……
in the discovery that …
= because sb. discover that … 因为某人发现了……
in the hope of doing / that …
= because sb. hope to do / that … 因为某人希望……
The Swedes were the first to recognize that public officials like civil servants, police officers, health inspectors or tax-collectors can make mistakes or act over-zealously in the belief that (=because they believe that) they are serving the public.
They leave unwanted objects in drawers, cupboards and attics for years, in the belief that (=because they believe that) they may one day need just those very things.
Young men who have reason to fear that they will be killed in battle may justifiably feel bitter in the thought that (=because they think that) they have cheated of the best things that life has to offer.
In the lift her thoughts were on lunch and a good rest; but when she got out at her own floor, both were forgotten in her sudden discovery that (=because she suddenly discovered that) her front door was open.
The men of our family waded down through our flooded meadows with boathooks, in the hope of being (=because they hope to be) able to grapple a corner of the raft and pull it out of the current towards our bank.
造句：他每天都吃维生素药丸，相信这样对健康有好处。
He takes vitamin pills every day in the belief that they may benefit his health.
造句：他给这个女孩子写了一封又一封信希望能赢得芳心。
He wrote to the girl one letter after another in the hope of winning her heart.
知识点（3）
… that they may one day need just those very things.
【辨析】 注意：课文这句话这两个词的词性
just adv.就是、正是
very adj.就是、正是
He is just the man wanted by the police.
He is the very man wanted by the police.
He is just the very man wanted by the police.
As they grow old, people also accumulate belongings for two other reasons, lack of physical and mental energy, both of which are essential in turning out and throwing away, and sentiment.
语法分析：
As they grow old（时间状语从句）, people also accumulate belongings for two other reasons, lack of physical and mental energy（reasons的同位语）, both of which are essential in turning out and throwing away（非限定性定语从句）, and sentiment（reasons的同位语）.
知识点（1）Lesson32
语法：“名词 + 介词 + 关系代词” 引导非限定性定语从句；前提是定语从句修饰的不是先行词本身，而是先行词相关的东西或一部分
造句：他有两个儿子，其中的一个死于战火。
He has two sons, one of whom died in the war.
造句：演讲者提了 (pose) 四个问题，它们的答案被证明非常具有启发性(illuminating)。
The speaker posed four questions, the answers to which proved very illuminating.
She hurried home to feed her cats, one of which had just had kittens.
The most valuable find of all was the ship's log book, parts of which it was still possible to read.
知识点（2）
sentiment n. [U] (usu. derog. 通常作贬义) 英文解释：tender feelings of pity, nostalgia, etc. which may be exaggerated or wrongly directed (contrasted esp. with reason)
（对怜悯﹑ 怀旧等的）情感，多愁善感，感情用事（尤与理智相对）
There's no room for sentiment in business.
She was sentimentally attached to this house, for even though it was far too big for her needs, she persisted in living there long after her husband's death.
Things owned for a long time are full of associations with the past, perhaps with relatives who are dead, and so they gradually acquire a value beyond their true worth.
语法分析：
Things（财产） owned for a long time（后置定语） are full of associations with the past（介词短语当后置定语）, perhaps with relatives（介词短语当后置定语） who are dead（定语从句）, and（小并列，与前面with relatives…并列） so they gradually acquire a value beyond their true worth. （so... 引导结果状语）
知识点（1）
Things owned for a long time…
课文写法替换：
Things kept / possessed for a longtime …
… full of associations with the past…
课文写法替换：
… full of connections with the past, …
知识点（2）
relative n. 亲戚；相关物
a close relative 近亲
a distant relative 远亲
a direct / straight relative 直系亲属
a blood relative 血亲
one’s own flesh and blood 亲骨肉
知识点（3）
nostalgia n. 乡愁；怀旧之情；怀乡病
知识点（4）
【复习】【总结】表达“逐渐地…”：
gradually
slowly
little by little / bit by bit
by degrees
知识点（5）
【总结】表达“超过了…价值”：
beyond their true worth
above / over their true worth
more than their true worth
greater than their true value
in excess of their true value
【扩展】表达“增值、贬值”：
appreciate v. 增值
depreciate v. 贬值
The value of our house has appreciated by 50%.
The value of our house has depreciated by 50%.
（第二段）
Some things are collected deliberately in the home in an attempt to avoid waste.
知识点（1）
【扩展】表达“有意的、无意的”：同义替换
deliberately adv. 故意地；谨慎地；慎重地
intentionally adv. 故意地，有意地
on purpose 故意；意欲
accidentally adv. 意外地；偶然地
by accident 偶然
by chance 偶然
unintentionally adv. 无意地；非故意地；非存心地
fortuitously adv. 偶然地，意外地
知识点（2）
in an attempt to … = in order to … 目的、为了做某事…
They closed the road in an attempt to reduce traffic in the city.
Among these I would list string and brown paper, kept by thrifty people when a parcel has been opened, to save buying these two requisites.
语法分析：
Among these I would list string and brown paper, kept by thrifty people when a parcel has been opened（when… 时间状语从句）（kept… 过去分词短语做后置定语，修饰paper）, to save buying these two requisites（目的状语）.
知识点（1）
list 列举
The actors are listed in order of appearance.
list one’s faults
list one’s achievements
知识点（2）
save = avoid 避免
save sth. / doing 避免做某事…
Setting down clear rules from the start will save arguments later on.
A stitch in time saves nine.
【复习】Lesson41
save sb. sth. / doing sth. 省的做某事
If you lend me some money, it will save me a trip to the bank.
If you tell her the news, it will save me calling her.
They could be saved so much misery and expense if they chose to live in the city where they rightly belong.
Collecting small items can easily become a mania.
I know someone who always cuts sketches out from newspapers of model clothes that she would like to buy if she had the money.
语法分析：
I know someone （who...定语从句）who always cuts sketches out from newspapers（out…状语，修饰cut；状语前置） of model clothes（后置定语，修饰sketches） （that...定语从句）that she would（虚拟语气） like to buy if she had the money（条件状语从句）.
知识点（1）
I know（认识） someone…
【辨析】【复习】表达“听说…”：
know of / about …
hear of / about …
learn of / about …
Verrazano, an Italian about whom little is known, sailed into New York Harbour in 1524 and named it Angouleme.
知识点（2）
… if she had the money.
课文写法替换：
… if she could afford them.
… if she could afford such purchases.
As she is not rich, the chances that she will ever be able to afford such purchases are remote; but she is never sufficiently strongminded to be able to stop the practice.
语法分析：
As she is not rich（原因状语从句）, the chances that she will ever be able to afford such purchases（同位语从句） are remote; but she is never sufficiently strong-minded to be able to stop the practice（目的状语）.
知识点（1）
chances that … / of … + are remote / slight / slim / small 做某事机会很小
chances that … / of … + are high / good 做某事机会很大
【扩展】
there is little chance of … 机会很小
There is little chance of her being able to afford such purchases.
知识点（2）
strong-minded enough 足够的意志坚定
知识点（3）
practice 习俗
On the other hand, your stomach would turn at the idea of frying potatoes in animal fat—the normally accepted practice in many northern countries.
It is a harmless habit, but it litters up her desk to such an extent that every time she opens it, loose bits of paper fall out in every direction.
语法分析：
It is a harmless habit, but it litters up her desk to such an extent that every time she opens it（时间状语）, loose bits of paper fall out in every direction（that... 引导结果状语）.
知识点（1）Lesson46
litter (up) ... 杂乱的堆满某个地方
The garden was soon littered with chunks of metal which had once made up a lawn mower.
知识点（2）
in every direction 向四方八分飘散
替换：in all directions
（第三段）
Collecting as a serious hobby is quite different and has many advantages.
知识点（1）
quite adv.完全
In winter, however, life at the monastery is quite different.
It provides relaxation for leisure hours, as just looking at one's treasures is always a joy.
One does not have to go outside for amusement, since the collection is housed at home.
知识点（1）
house v.提供住处
The refugees have been fed, clothed and housed by welfare organizations around the world.
The Palace Museum houses（派生：储存、收藏） the biggest collection of antiques in China.
【近义词】表达“提供住处”：
accommodate
The hotel can accommodate 600 guests.
Whatever it consists of, stamps, records, first editions of books, china, glass, antique furniture, pictures, model cars, stuffed birds, toy animals, there is always something to do in connection with it, from finding the right place for the latest addition, to verifying facts in reference books.
语法分析：
Whatever it consists of（让步状语从句，Whatever引导让步状语从句，又做consists of的宾语）, stamps, records, first editions of books, china, glass, antique furniture, pictures, model cars, stuffed birds, toy animals（这些名词都做Whatever的同位语）, there is always something to do in connection with it（后置定语,修饰something）, from finding the right place for the latest addition, to verifying facts in reference books (from方式状语 修饰do).
知识点（1）Lesson13
【近义词组】表达“由…组成”：
Whatever it consists of
Whatever it is made up of, …
Whatever it is composed of, …
Whatever it comprises, …
知识点（2）
【近义词组】表达“关于”：= about
in connection with … 关于 ……
concerning …
regarding …
respecting …
relating to …
I am writing to you in connection with your job application.
知识点（3）
reference book 参考书
bibliography 参考书目
This hobby educates one not only in the chosen subject, but also in general matters which have some bearing on it.
语法分析：
This hobby educates one not only（不但） in the chosen subject（地点状语）, but also（而且） in general matters（地点状语） which have some bearing on it（定语从句）.
知识点（1）
have … bearing on … 与……有关
Exercise has a direct bearing on how healthy you are.
What he said had not much bearing on the problem.
His private life has no bearing on his competence as a manager.
【扩展】【复习】表达“有关”：
… which have some connection with it.
… which have some relationship with it.
There are also other benefits.
知识点（1）
写作：长短句结合；前一句话长，后一句话长
One wants to meet like-minded collectors, to get advice, to compare notes, to exchange articles, to show off the latest find.
知识点（1）
meet v. 英文解释：get to know, get acquainted with 结识……
I’d like you to meet one of my best friends, Peter.
You can stretch your legs on the spacious decks, play games, meet interesting people and enjoy good food …
知识点（2）
compare notes (with sb)
= exchange ideas or opinions 交换意见、交换观点、交流心得
We saw the play separately and compared notes afterwards.
Leading scientists got together in Paris to compare notes on current research.
知识点（3）
show off 炫耀
She raised her wrist, showing off a sparkling diamond bracelet.
知识点（4）Lesson42
find n.发现物，被发现的人（尤指有趣、有价值或有用者）
The restaurant was a real find.
My new secretary was a marvelous find.
The most valuable find of all was the ship's log book, parts of which it was still possible to read.
So one's circle of friends grows.
知识点（1）
circle （人际）圈子
in political circles 政界
in legal circles 法律界
in literary circles 文艺界
Soon the hobby leads to travel, perhaps to a meeting in another town, possibly a trip abroad in search of a rare specimen, for collectors are not confined to any one country.
语法分析：
Soon the hobby leads to travel, perhaps to a meeting in another town（后置定语,修饰travel）, possibly a trip abroad in search of a rare specimen（travel的同位语）, for collectors are not confined to any one country. （for... 原因状语从句）
知识点（1）
in search of … = searching for … 寻找
Scientists are in search of a cure for the disease.
Over the years, one may well become an authority on one's hobby and will very probably be asked to give informal talks to little gatherings and then, if successful, to larger audiences.
语法分析：
Over the years（时间状语）, one may well become an authority on one's hobby and（大并列） will very probably be asked to give informal talks to little gatherings and（小并列） then, if successful（条件状语从句，主语和be动词同时省略）, to larger audiences.
知识点（1）
may / might / could well 英文解释： used to say that sth. is likely to happen or is likely to be true 可能
What you say may well be true.
You could try the drugstore, but it might well be closed by now.
知识点（2）
on 某方面的权威，介词用on
Yuan Longping is a leading authority on hybrid rice.
知识点（3）
gathering n. 英文解释： a group of people meeting together 人群，聚会
a social / family gathering
a gathering of religious leaders
知识点（4）复习
语法：状语从句，主语和be动词同时省略
课文补全：
Over the years, one may well become an authority on one‘s hobby and will very probably be asked to give informal talks to little gatherings and then, if (he is) successful, to larger audiences. In this way self-confidence grows, first from mastering a subject, then from being able to talk about it.
In this way self-confidence grows, first from mastering a subject, then from being able to talk about it.
语法分析：
In this way（方式状语） self-confidence grows, first from mastering a subject, then from being able to talk about it. （介词短语做状语，修饰grows）
Collecting, by occupying spare time so constructively, makes a person contented, with no time for boredom.
语法分析：
Collecting, by occupying spare time so constructively（方式状语）, makes a person contented, with no time for boredom.（独立主格）