Lesson 41 Illusions of Pastoral peace 宁静田园生活的遐想

New words and expression 生词和短语

illusion：n. 幻想，错觉

under illusion that/under the impression that

eg: I am under the impression that you are honest.

He still lives under the illusion that country life is superior to town life.

He lives under that illusion that country life is superior to town life.

with live under the illusion 

eg: I am under the illusion that he will help me every day.

under no illusion that: 没有…幻想

eg: We live under no illusion that country is beautiful.

have illusion about/have no illusion about: 对…不报有幻想

delusion: 幻想，幻觉。侧重于强调精神病人无中生有的幻觉

eg: He is under the delusion that somebody will kill him tomorrow.

He lives under the delusion that he will be killed sometime.

vision: 对美好未来的想象，憧憬

eg: I live under the vision that I have a bright future

从词根扩展词型：

illusioned: adj. 充满幻想的

eg: The world of children is illusioned.

illusionary: adj.错觉的，幻觉的

eg: Don’t believe in him. What he said is illusionary picture.

illusive: adj. 虚假的，不可靠的

eg: what he described was illusive. 

What he described was illusive. Don’t depend on him any more.

imagine / imaginary / imaging

eg: I can not imagine building the Great Wall.

imaginary: 虚构的

eg: The story is imaginary. Do not be taken in.

imaginative: 富有想象力的

eg: Children are more imaginative than adults.

unimaginative: 缺乏想象力的

imaginable: 能够被想象的出的，用在修饰的名词后面

eg: This is the idea / way imaginable.

pastoral：adj. 田园诗的 

eg: pastoral piece：田园般的宁静

breed (bred, bred)：vt. 培育

breed / raise / bring up / rear

breed: 1.书面用语，表示raise,表示饲养宠物. breed 较raise 更为正式

eg: raise / breed pets

raise / breed dogs

Do you raise dogs?

No, I do not think I have enough time to keep an eye on dogs.

2. 表示bring up,把sb. 培养成人 educate

eg: As mother, you must breed good manners into your child. 作为一个目前，你必须培养孩子良好的举止和习惯。

rear: vt. 培养sb. 饲养pets

eg: I must rear the child because I have the duty.

He rears / raise /breeds two dogs.

在口语中，推荐使用raise/rear, 在书面语言中，使用breed。

3． breed = cause/lead to/result in/give rise to

eg: War breeds misery and ruin.

Your careless bred the accident.

breed in and in / breed out and out 近亲结婚，同种繁殖/非近亲结婚，异种繁殖

rapture：n. 欣喜若狂 / great joy / delight

in raptures

eg: At the news, they are in raptures.

At the news, they are greatly delighted.

in raptures over / about sth. 对…欣喜若狂

eg: I am in raptures about the new book.

go into raptures: feel delighted感到非常高兴

eg: He went into raptures when he heard the good news.

go into raptures over/about/at sth. 对…感到非常高兴

joy / happiness

eg: We have a good time and we are full of happiness.

rapture>delight>joy

在口语中，建议使用delight

delight: n. v. 使高兴，使喜悦

delighted: adj. 

eg: I feel delighted./ I am in raptures.

ecstasy: 狂喜，出神

enchant: v/enchantment: n. 出身，魅力

eg: He was enchanted in thoughts.

elation: 兴高采烈，得意洋洋

eg: He has got the feeling of elation.

bliss: 极乐,无上的幸福。

eg: Nothing in the world can make you happier than bliss.

Recently, a sound sleep is my bliss.

glee: 高兴，欢欣，常用于文学，诗歌中

必须掌握的词汇：

rapture /in raptures /go into raptures / joy / happiness / delight / enchantment / elation / bliss / glee

extol：vt. 赞美，颂扬,书面= praise

eg: I can not find a good word to praise you/your ability.

I want to extol(高歌) the virtues pf human beings

compliment: 恭维

eg: Do you always compliment your friends?

applepolisher: 拍马屁的人

exalt: 赞扬，歌颂，吹捧

eg: You disgust me. Why do you extol such a stupid person?

laud: 赞美，书面语

eg: I want to do nothing but laud you.

What do you want to laud me?

I want to laud you beauty, ability, and your wealth.

extol / praise / compliment / exalt / laud

1. superior：adj. 优越的，没有比较级和最高级，只能是原形 = better than the average

be superior to: 比sb. / sth.更加优越

eg: In my opinion, town life is superior to country life.

interior: 比…低，不如…

eg: Town life is interior to country life.

2. senior: 高级的，年长的

eg: senior high school: 高中

junior: 年幼的,下级的，下属的

3． posterior: 后于…

prior: 先于…

inferior: 不如…

eg: This job is prior to that one.

of no confidence / importance / significance: 无足轻重

eg: This work is of no significance. It should be inferior to that one.

cockcrow：n. 鸡叫

twitter：v. （鸟）吱吱叫，嘁嘁喳喳叫 

glint：v. 闪烁

flash: 表示忽明忽暗的闪光，如：手电筒的光，镜子的光线

eg: Lighthouse is flashing in the distance.

glim: 透过某种媒介而闪现的微弱的光线，如，透过大雾

eg: Though the fog, we saw a lighthouse glimming.

glint: 闪烁，由于迅速闪烁的微弱的光 = shine for a moment

eg: The sun glinted through the leaves.阳光透过叶缝闪着微弱的光芒

glisten: 潮湿的物体上反射的光泽和光辉

eg: The white snow glistened in all the colors of rainbow.

flicker: 表示蜡烛。油灯在即将熄灭的时候的摇曳不定的光

eg: On the cold night, I sat in front of the only candle which was flickering.

pasture：n. 牧场 

idyllic：adj. 田园诗的

eg: He is leading an idyllic life

virtually：adv. 几乎，差不多 

dubious：adj. 可疑的，怀疑的 = doubtful / uncertain / questionable / suspicious / sceptical

be dubious about / of对…不肯定,表示怀疑的doubtful / uncertain

suspect: 表示一种肯定的怀疑，猜疑的

eg: I doubt whether he stole the car.

Cats are suspicious of human beings.

I am doubtful of your ability.

I am dubious about your ability.

questionable: 提出质疑的，不肯定的，值得争议的

eg: This is a questionable conclusion / decision.

sceptical: 怀疑论的

eg: Your idea is sceptical.

privilege：n. 特权 

misery：n. 苦难

acquaintance：n. 熟人 

treat：n. 难得的乐事，享受

be one’s treat: 请客吃饭

eg: Let’s go to have dinner. It’s my treat.

treat sb. to dinner

eg: It is pleasure to treat you to dinner.

stand treat

eg: I stand treat. 做东

treat sb. as…

eg: I treat him as my best friend.

treat with sb. = talk with sb.

eg: I can not bring it to a conclusion. I want to treat with you.

treat of sth. sb. = speak of, talk of

eg: we speak /treat of tramps contemptuously.

Having a dinner with you is my treat.

dweller：n. 居住者 

stagger：v. 摇晃，蹒跚

exotic：adj. 导乎寻常的，外来的 

glow：n. 白炽光

descend：v. 下落，降临（书面用语）

eg: Darkness descends very soon because winter is coming.

从…上传下来descend from…

eg: The watch descend from his grandfather.

突然的到访，突然的袭击descend on/upon

eg: He looked me up suddenly.

He called on me suddenly.

He visited me suddenly.

Yesterday, my best friend descended on me.

传给谁… descend to… descend from sb. to sb.

eg: The watch is descend from grandfather to grandson.

ascend: 上升

eg: The aeroplane is ascending at tremendous speed.

tuck: v. 缩进，隐藏

obstinately：adv. 固执地，顽固地,不容易被改变

obstinate: adj. = stubborn 倔强

eg: If you are an obstinate person, nobody can change your mind.

He is a stubborn person, he insists on finishing what he wants to do.

Don’t try to persuade him because he is an obstinate person.

persistent: 固执己见

eg: If you always follow your friends around, I should say, you are a persistent person.

strong-minded: 顽强的，意志力顽强的

eg: If you are a strong minded person, you can do everything well.

as stubborn as a mule: 倔强如牛

Text 课文:

Illusions of Pastoral peace 宁静田园生活的遐想

The quiet life of the country（the quiet country life） has never appealed to me. （背诵）在论述好处坏处的时候，应该在第一句话时救应该表达个人的意见。组织一篇议论文时，主要有三段：开头段、支持段和结尾段。在开头段中的第一句话或是最后一句话讲明观点。 City born and city bred. （独立主格结构，as I was born and bred in a city）

I have always regarded the country as (think of … as… / refer to … as) something you look at through a train window, or something you occasional visit during the weekend. (扩展句进行说明你的观点)。Most of my friends live in the city, yet （however） they always go into raptures at the mere mention (at the mere mention of / at the sight of/ at the news of / at the touch of / at the mention of ) of the country. （具体的事例进行说明观点，例子在文章中是必不可少的）

Though they extol the virtues of the peaceful life (从本课开始，注意文章的安排，结构的布局和关键词的重复，引导让步状语从句，应注意其主句), only one of hem has ever gone to live in the country and he was back in town within six months. （discussion: why writer talk about this sentence: hypocritical 虚伪ie: The country life never appeals to me, and never appeals to others. 从反面进行论述） 

Even he still lives under the illusion that country life is somehow superior to town life.（背诵，the writer emphasizes that his friend is hypocritical）(the life of country / the country / country life重复使用关键词能够引导读者跟着你的思路走) 

He is forever talking about the friendly people, the clean atmosphere, the closeness to nature and the gentle pace of living. （Discussion: why writer talks about the virtue of country life? 作者的意图是讨论城市生活优于乡村生活，为什么要提及乡村生活的美德呢？Every picture has two sides, 应论述其好处，再进行逐一否决）

Nothing can be compared, he maintains, with the first cockcrow, the twittering of birds at dawn, the sight of the rising sun glinting on the trees and pastures. （the writer illustrates the country life advantageous further）

This idyllic pastoral scene is only part of the picture.（背诵，从下文开始使用对比法进行论述） My friend fails to mention the long and friendless winter evenings in front of the TV -- virtually the only form of entertainment. He says nothing about the poor selection of goods in the shops, or（表并列）about those unfortunate people who have to travel from the country to the city every day to get to work. 

Why people are prepared to tolerate a four-hour journey each day for the dubious privilege of living in the country is beyond me.（本文重点句：背诵 why 所引导的从句 

1. stand / bear / put up with / endure / tolerate 

2. dubious: doubtful / uncertain）

They could be saved so much misery and expense if they chose to live in the city where they rightly belong. (Conclusion: the writer illustrates the topic: the country life is never appeals to him. The writer talks about both advantages and disadvantages of country life in order to comparison, but he did not draw the conclusion about the comparison.) 

If you can do without (manage/do without没有…也能忍受eg: I can do without car. ) the few pastoral pleasures of the country, you will find the city can provide you with the best that life can offer. （背诵）There are advantages of living in the country, but there are few living in the country than living in the big city. 

You never have to travel miles to see your friends. They invariably(always) live nearby and are always available (able to be used anytime, 主要是用做表语，也可以用于定语，用做定语放在被修饰词的后面eg: I am available to have a chat with you. The books in our classroom are available for you. I have a dictionary available for you.) for an informal chat or an evening's entertainment. 

Some of my acquaintances in the country come up to town once or twice a year to visit the theatre as a special treat. For them this is a major (demanding：要求高的，需要时间的) operation which involves considerable planning. 

As the play draws to its close （near its end）, they wonder whether they will ever catch that last train home. The cit dweller never experiences anxieties of this sort. （背诵eg: We can keep ourselves free from the anxieties of this sort which afflict the country dweller. Eating food with different taste is also a pleasure. ） 

The latest exhibitions, films, or plays are only a short bus ride away. Shopping, too, is always a pleasure. The latest exhibitions, films, or plays are only a short bus ride away. Shopping, too, is always a pleasure. 

There is so much variety that you never have to make do with second best. Country people run wild when they go shopping in the city and stagger home loaded with (方式状语) as many of the exotic items as they can carry. （背诵） 

Nor is the city without its moments of beauty.（双重否定表肯定） 

There is something comforting about the warm glow shed （流泻）by advertisements on cold wet winter nights. Few things could be more impressive than the peace that descends on deserted city streets at weekends when the thousands that travel to work every day are tucked away in their homes in the country. 

It has always been a mystery to me who city dwellers, who appreciate all these things, obstinately pretend that they would prefer to live in the country. 结论句与第一段第一句进行呼应。

Vocabulary: 

extol the virtues

extol = praise highly

praise 比extol 的语义要弱的多

virtue:美德 = advantage

illusion 幻觉，错觉 = false idea

superior to 比…强 better than

maintain = hold

glinting: 闪烁 glistening

tolerate: 忍受 = endure, bear, stand, put up with

suffer without complaining

beyond me: cannot be understood by me

beyond my understanding

多项选择

D （该选项背熟）

think sb. hypocritical: 认为某人很虚伪

maintain a preference for sth: 坚持一种想法

B（题目背熟）

in terms of/regarding

have advantage over sb/sth: 比…更具有优势

within easy reach of sb. 方便，容易达到

A

allude to: mean

前3道题的题干和答案需要掌握

C

A 

tire of：厌倦

eg: I am tired of doing so.

never: 表一般状态，用一般现在时

C 

on only short bus right away 只有几站路的路程

重点 B

many of the… 许多物品中的许多

You can take as many as you like.

You can take as many books as you can.

B

It has been a mystery to me.

be mystified by: 被…所困扰

be freighted by: 被…所吓着

A

altogether: 总共，完全

virtually:几乎

certainly:肯定的，当然的

in particular: particularly 特别，尤其是

pretty well:相当不错，相当好（AE），= almost (BE)

B 

do without, go without, manage without

B 

near its end接近尾声 = draw to its close

reach its climax: 达到高潮

A 

imposition : n.强人所难

impose: v.

Do not impose your idea on me. 不要把你的想法强加给我

imprint: 印记，印痕 

give sb a (deep) impression: 给某人印象

have impact 

eg: what he said give me a deep impression

what he said has a deeply impact.

注意动词搭配