Lesson 44 Speed and comfort 速度和舒适
New words and expression 生词和短语s 生词短语
positively adv. 绝对地，完全地
in positive way.
the food is positively uneatable
can you really do it positively? 相当于 sure, of course, certainly, no problem.
compartment n. 分隔间或单间
cramped adj.窄小的
stuffy adj. 憋气的，闷气的
同义词:
airless
monotonous adj. 枯燥的，乏味的
I don't like the way of your teaching, it is monotonous.
I hate the monotonous rhythm of travelling by train.
同义词：
tendious 乏味的，重点突出long and uninteresting.
dull = interesting
I can't get along well with Mary, she is a dull girl.
Look at that dull person.
tiresome = tiring 由于疲劳而厌倦
He is tried of sleeping on the floor, because he has done so for ten years.
Long lasting meeting are tiring.
You are a little bit tiresome.
I am tired of doing so. --> be tired of
I am bored with doing so. --> be bored with
rhythm n. 有节奏的运动
click v. 发出咔哒声
lull v. 催人欲睡
The mother lulled her baby to sleep.
--> lull sb to sleep.
What a good day, the wind lulled! 风和日利
lullaby 催眠曲
snatch n. 短时，片段
in snatches 断断续续地
It rains in snatches.
On the train, we sleep in snatches.
sleeper n. 卧铺
fumble v.乱摸，摸索
He fumbled the door open. 他摸索着把门打开了。
He fumbled in his pocket for the key. 他在口袋里摸索着钥匙。
inspection n.检查
inevitably adv. 必然地
Human beings are motal,so inevitably we make mistakes,no matter how wise and eminent you are.
destination n.目的地
exhaust v.使精疲力尽
I am exhausted. 我筋疲力尽了
What exhaustes you? 什么使你筋疲力尽呀？
I am tired out.
同义词
wear out 使疲劳，使磨损
Look, your dress is worn out. 瞧，你的衣服穿坏了
After a day's work hard, I am worn out.
knock sb out 把某人打昏，使疲劳
That's a miracle that the old lady knocked the boxer out.
The arduous work knocked me out. 这项艰难的工作使我筋疲力尽。
fatigue 使筋疲力尽，使疲劳（书面）
The piece of work fatigues me.
motorway n.快车道
ferry n. 渡船
cruise n.巡游船
civilize v.使文明
spacioius adj. 宽敞的
Is your classroom spacious?
Our classroom is not so spacious as that one.
I would like to lie in the spacious classroom instead of sitting here.
同义词：
rommy
a roomy house
capacious 容量大的 capacity 容量
commodious 宽敞的，便利的 roomy and conventient
The cinema is commodious = The cinema is both roomy and convenient.
expansive 易膨胀的，广阔的
I'd like to appreciate expansive sea/ocean. 我喜欢欣赏浩瀚的海洋
vast 幅员辽阔的
The desert in our country is vast, that is a major problem
extensive 广泛的，广阔的 extensive reading 泛读 intensive reading 精读
You can enlarge your vocabulary by intensive reading.
widespread 流传广的，分布广的
The kind of news is widespread.
far-reaching 触及很远的，流传久远的
I have a good idea and it is far-reaching.
seasick adj.晕船的
airsick 晕飞机的/
carsick 晕车的
bussick 晕公交车的
bicyclesick 晕自行车的
homesick 想家的。
intimidate v.恐吓，恫吓
Nothing can intimidate me.
disadvantage n.短处，缺点
exhilarating adj. 使人高兴的
I'm exhilarated by your visit. 对于你的来访我是高兴极了。
同义词：
stimulate 刺激，激励 stimulate sb to do sth.
Your courage stimulated me to do so.
inspire 激励（通过言辞） inspire sb to do
stir 鼓舞，鼓动 Who stired you to do it like this? You should look before you leap.
spur 刺激 His rude remarks spured me.
encourage He always encourages me to study hard when I am unwilling to do so.
escapist n.逍遥者
sip v.呷， drink a little at a time. ---> take a sip of 喝一点
I'm really thirsty, would you mind me taking a sip of your coffee?
I'm so hungry that I want to have a taste of your cake.
You can take a sip of my coffee, but my cake only belongs to me.
champagne n.香槟酒
refinement n.精心的安排
refine 使人精力充沛
Coffee always refined us.
Coffee always made us fresh.
breathtaking adj. 激动人心的
The picture takes my breath. 这幅画太美了。
The girl takes my breath.
The beautiful dress takes my breath.
decide to go for a trip 决定旅行
We decided to go for a breathtaking trip.
soar v.高飞
We can't soar in the blue sky.
effortlessly adv. 不费力地
landscape n.景色 = extraordinary sight
同义词：
scenery 自然风光 secne 场面 view 透过窗户看到的景色
Our classroom doesn't have a good view.
The rising sun in Tai Mountain is a spectacle.
fresh adj. 精神饱满的
a fresh man
Look at that guy, he is really fresh.
uncrumpled adj. 没有跨下来
He went home fresh and uncrumpled.
Notes on the Text 课文注释
现在分词短语修饰people
People who travel long distance frequently.
frequently 定期地，经常地 quite often
have to decide = have to make up their mind.
would rather; would sooner 要和动词原形搭配
had better do 最好做...
would perfer to do.
would rather do.
hardly + anyone 等不定式时不倒装，在这相当于nobody;
或 nearly nobody, virtually nobody.
----------------------------------------------------
exhausted 在这里是形容词做状语
wear out; tire out' fatigue; knock out
The writer emphasizes disadvantage of travelling by train.
Travelling by car is more unpleasant than travelling in the train.
fairly的语气最弱的
more often than not 主要用在书面语言当中，means very often ,usually, frequently
by comparison 通过对比
off = provide
comforts 在这儿指代 service
be likely to do 有可能...
it is probable that
could not be + 形容词比较级
can not be + 形容词比较级
no ... could be
Nobody can be more beautiful than you.
No place can/could be better. 没有什么地方比这儿更好。
relatively 相对来讲
A large number of people are prepared to sacifice their higher pay for the privilege of becoming white collar.
Relatively, few people are prepared to sacifice their holiday fime for the dubious pleasure of travelling by sea.
dubious = uncertian = doubtful
Aeroplanes are famous/well-known for its being dangerous.
have the disadvantage of
have the reputation of
match sb for
but nothing can be equal to them.
在第二部分当中是采用对比法
It is almost impossible to take your mind off the journey.
You don't have to/needn't devise ways of taking your mind off the journey.
hardly
You had hardly had time to feel tired when you arrived at your destination.
on some services 在这里指代 on airplane.
keep one's mind off 转移注意力
keep sb occupied 集中注意力
however = no matter how
If you can do without the few pleasures of travelling by land, you will find aeroplanes provide us with the best.
Please illustrate the disadvantage and advantage of studying abroad.
at first, you must illustrate your topic, the disadvantage of studying at home.
the disvantage of studying abroad
最后通过实例详细论述出国留学的好处。
支持段一般是由一段或两段组成，目的是支持论点。
每段的开头一句话和最后一句话一定要和主题密切联系。
最主要的方法有三种： 对比法，比较法，例证法
结尾段起到的作用是再次肯定和强调主题，加深读者印象。
段落是由主题句，扩展句组成。 扩展句之后是具体的例子。
想表达不同的理论概念，要用转折句。
主题句应该要简练，要明确地表达中心思想。
主题句应该具有概括性，但是概括又不能太宽泛。
主题句确立之后，还要进一步利用扩展句来说明解释主题句的内容。
重复使用关键词。
内容要连贯。
衔接词的使用
1、起。 at first ,first, firstly, in the beginning, first of all
at present, nowaday, currently, to start with, to begin with, for one thing
for another, in one hand, in the other hand.
2、承。 to start with; at the same time; at any rate; besides; apart from; in addition;
in addition to; furthermore; in fact; actually; as a matter of fact; in reality;
moreover; no doubt; without any doubt; similarly; in the same way; meanwhile;
in the meantime; obviously; particularly; such as; for example; for instance;
consequently; as a consequence; as a result; what is more; what is better;
3、折。 after all; all the same; anyway; somehow; but; however; nevertheness; nonetheless;
conversely; by this time; on the contray; despite; in despite of;
in contempt of; in disregard of; by contrast; by comparison; fortunately;
in other words; on the other hand; unlike; whereas;
4、合。 主要是用来小结上文的或是用做结尾段。
accordingly; as has been noted(above); as has been mentioned; as has been talked of;
at last; finally; lastly; at length; briefly; in brie; in short; in a word;
in conculsion; in sum; in summary; to sum up; to summarize; to conclude;
no doubt; undoubtedly; truly; certainly; positively; surely; obviously;
on the whole;
可以使用谚语作为 topic
as the saying goes; as proverb goes;
定义法
可以使用提问法
比如说： illustrate your opinion about friendship
Do you have a good/large circle of friends?
概括法： I quite agree with this idea.
间接开头法： 先叙述别人的观点，然后引出自己的真实看法。
在读文章时
1、注意结构安排
2、找出文章关键词
3、注意每一自然段的段首段尾
Special difficulties 难点
Cramped and stuffy : not roomy, not spacious
lacking space, airless,
Lacking space and air
Monotonous : unchanging
Lulls : cause to sleep
In snatches: not continuously
Destination : terminal
Destination is a place where someone are going.
Stretch your legs: have a rest, go for a walk
Sacrifice: give up for a purpose.
Multiple choice questions 多项选择
d
the great disadvantage that shared by train and car travel alike is
alike : as well
D. was adored by the rich and poor alike.
2、c
distraction : 转移注意力
such… as 比如…
He can speak such languages as English, Japanese, Chinese.
3、c
No forms of transport can be more comfortable and faster than aeroplanes.
4、d
5、b
6、a
如果内心的期望和事实没有关系，表达‘如果’采用的结构形式不是if，不是suppose，而是providing or provided.
I’ll take all the shirts if/provided you reduce the price to $1 each.
7、c
in addition 表示承上启下，除此外还有
如果用apart from , besides, in addition to , 必须和宾语进行搭配。
It 是形式主语
It is no use crying. 哭没有用。
It is no use pretending that I didn’t see him.. 假装没看见他是没有用的。
8、d
if it is not = if it is not calm
be prone to sth. To 在这是介词，相当于be likely to do 表示极有可能。
During cold winter, we are likely to catch cold.
During cold winter, we are prone to cold.
9、b
10、a
sit up 不睡觉 = stay up
install 安装，固定
let’s install a television set on the wall..
11、c
spectacle = landscape
scenery 自然风光
scene 场景
12、b
get over 从…恢复过来
He hasn’t got over his wife’s death
He doesn’t get over his illness.
Get away from 从…逃脱掉