Lesson 45 The power of the press 新闻报道的威力

New words and expression 生词和短语

democratic adj.民主的democratic country民主的国家

restrict vt.限制=keep within a certain limit.

--The prisoners’ activity is restricted within narrow limits.

辨析

limit 表示时间,空间,程序等方面的限定,且限定到某一个点,如果超出这个点很可能受到惩罚。

restrict只说明限制范围

--Land development must be limited.我们必须限制土地的开发。

--He restricts himself to two cigarettes everyday.他每天限制自己抽两只烟。

restrict sb to

confine v.控制在……范围内

confine sb.to 

--I confine myself to two cigarettes a day.

--The boy is confined to the dark room.

--The boy is restricted to the dark room.

cramp vt.限制（某人的活动或限制动植物的生长）

--Nobody can cramp children.

--You can not cramp my activity.

hamper v.限制，妨碍,困累

--What hampered you to do so?

--The housewife has a lots to do every day,because she is hampered by povert被贫困所困扰。

--My limited vocabulary hampers my reading.

impede v.限制，阻碍（相当于hamper）

impede doing sth

--Nothing will impede my studying English.

bound v.限定，以……为界限

abuse v.滥用

--Don’t abuse your authority.不要乱用职权。

--We shouldn’t abuse oue rights.不要乱用自己的权力。

--For VIP,they shouldn’t abuse their privilege.

untold a.=too many to be counted 数不尽的

--There are untold stars in the sky.

--I am afflicted by/with untold anxieties.

numerous a.无数的

countless a.无数的

--As hunma being ,we can’t keep ourselves free from countless anxieties.

countable:can be counted

uncountable 

numberless无数的，没有房号的

--This is a numberless room.

numberable 数得清的

innumberable 不能数得清的

perpetual a.永久的，永远的(不休止的，一直持续下去的,用于不易受阻的)

--They are as poor as church mouse, they are have to struggle against perpetual poverty.

permanent a.

eternal

everlasting

--Lasting for a long time

constant a.连续的，不断的(perpetual最好的释义)

constantly adv.连续不断地

continuous a.连续不断的

--They have continuous discussion.

--They made great success in their continuous attempt.

continual a.频繁的

continually adj.

--It rains continually .

--It is raining continuously/constantly.

lasting a.(书面上用everlasting)持久的，耐久的

--The pair of trousers is lasting.

--Generally speaking ,jeans are lasting.

endless a.

--You can appreciate endless unbroken clouds.

--Studing English is our perpetual(endless) task.

eternal a.永恒的，永久的，不朽的（=immortal）

--His name is immortal because the longest suspension bridge was named for him.

temporary a.临时的

permanent a.非临时的，永久的

--In a big city, sometimes we can not get permanent job.

obscurity n.默默无闻

In obscurity

obscure adj.不起眼的

--The bus stopped at a obscure bus stop.

radically adv.彻底地，完全地=Completely,entirely,thoroughly,fully,inclusive

exclusive a.独占的，独家的；排外的，排他的(not shared with others)

--The swimming pool is for my exclusive use.

exclusive right 独权

--The school is exclusive ,only very clever children can go to it.

--The store is exclusive, only very wealthy people can visit it.

commodity n.商品

--commodity econnomy商品经济commodity market商品市场

goods,wares

Text 课文（全文背诵）

In democratic countries any efforts to restrict the freedom of the press are rightly condemned. 

effort企图（语气强烈）

try;attempt尝试

make every effort;spare no effort;make every endeavor

go to great iengths

blame责备

scold

reproach

reprimand

condemn正式的谴责

deed 行为，行径

--Your deeds should be rightly condemned.

However, this freedom can easily be abused.

forest authorites森林当局

education authorites教育当局

the authorites有关当局

the authorites of the press新闻界当局

Stories about people often attract far more public attention than political events.

According to this sentence,we know we are much more interested in private stories.

Sometimes some people even want to smell out people’s secrets or particular scandals.

far相当于much加强语气

Though we may enjoy reading about the lives of others, it is extremely doubtful whether we would equally enjoy reading about ourselves.

lives of others替代story about people

extremely doubtful=extremely uncertain=extremely dubious

--If a family skeleton is reviewed,one’s reputation will be damaged/destroyed/spoiled/ruined immediately.

equally=in the same way=alike

--We wouldn’t like our secret to be reviewed.

Acting on the contention that facts are sacred, reporters can cause untold suffering to individuals by publishing details about their private lives.(要点句型)

When stories published in detalls by the press are wonderful,you will become famous very soon.

If the story is terrible,your reputation will be ruined immediately.

act on 以。。。来行事，遵循。。。来行事

that引导的部分是contention的同位语从句

Newspapers exert such tremendous influence that they can not only bring about major changes to the lives of ordinary people but can even overthrow a government.

exert…on sth

--bring about 带来，导致

--lead to

--cause

--result in

major:great,considerable

--In the first paragraph the writer illustrate how powerful the press is in the general way.

The story of a poor family that acquired fame and fortune overnight, dramatically illustrates the power of the press.

acquire=gain=obtain

--acquire gortune发财

--make fortune

The family lived in Aberdeen, a small town of 23,000 inhabitants in South Dakota.

inhabitant=dweller

--the city dweller城市居住者

--the country dweller乡村居住者

They were expecting their sixth child and faced with even more pressing economic problems.

expect a baby

in the interesting condition

in the family way

pregnant

be faced with面临

--The window faces the south.窗户朝南。

--In the process of studing English,We are faced with a great many problems,which should be surmounted.

surmount克服

solve problem解决问题

--In the process of studing English,We are faced with a great many problems,which should be surmounted/got rid of/removed as quickly as possible.

economic problem=poverty

pressing 紧迫的

If they had only had one more child, the fact would have passed unnoticed. They would have continued to struggle against economic odds and would have lived in obscurity.

虚拟语气，与过去事实相反的状况

unnoticed形容词做状语

odds n.各种让人烦的小事

bear 容忍，生育 born是bear的过去分词

attract the attention of the press

The rise to the fame is swift.=Their being famous was rapid.

Newspapers and magazines offered the family huge sums for the exclusive rights to publish stories and photographs.

huge sums=huge sums of money

care of 关心

Reporters kept pressing for interviews so lawyers had to be employed to act as spokesmen for the family at press conferences.

press for=demand形象地表达出不停的催问

--The students kept pressing for examinations.

Vocabulary

restrict:限制(restrict to)

--confine(confine to),limit

equally:同样地

--alike,in the same way/degree

contention:论点

--argument

untold:数也数不清的

--countless,uncountable,numerous,innumerable,numberless

acquired:以获得的

--got,gained,obtained

perpetual struggle:永无休止的斗争

--fight

in obscurity:默默无闻的，不出名的

--not being well-known

Comprension

1…b…. The argue that

affect:负面的影响

Acting on the contention that facts are sacred, reporters can cause untold suffering to individuals by publishing details about their private lives.(背熟)

contention=argue

2…d…

3…d…take interest in

Structure 结构

4…b…结构比较要一致be interested in…

5…a…标志是but (not only…but

b: not only用在句首，句子必须倒装can they

c: such that they cannot only：not only用在动词之前并倒装:not only can they

d:so修饰形容词或副词，如果强调的是一个主干的名词部分，用such

6…a…被动语态

7…b…remain(系动词)不能用进行时态，系动词不能接动词不定式

8…a…

9…d...bring about=wield

press:榨汁；熨烫；按住，压住(n.)出版，发行

invoke:求助，祈求

impose:强加于人

wield:造成

10…c…make repeated requests for=pressing for:不断的催问，要求

11…c…on behalf of:代表

instead of:代替on account of=because offor the sake of:出于。。。的缘故

12…a…商品化的牺牲者(victim)