Lesson 47 Too high a price 代价是否太高
New words and expression 生词和短语
pollution n..污染
相应词型: pollute, polluted, pollution, polluter
More and more water is been polluted.
Pollution is the major problem we are faced with.
Gases from cars are one of the polluters of air pollution.
Contaminate taint defile pollute poison
overpopulated adj.人口多的
overpeopled
sparsely-populated community 人口稀疏的地区
sparsely-peopled
population 人口数量
What’s the population in your country?
The city has a population of two million.
Our dear motherland is faced with a major problem that is population explosion. 人口暴长
populous adj. 正式，强调一个地区人口众多，拥挤
The bus here is crowded, so I decide to switch for the next one.
The narrow street is populous with people.
The most populous province in China is SiChuan.
over-industrialized adj.过度工业化的
sheer adj.纯粹的，不掺杂的
pure unmixed
steep
It is very difficult for us to climb sheer mountain.
The cliff is so sheer that you can’t climb it.
complete
What are you talking about sheer nonsense?
transparent
During hot summer, ladies and girls would like to wear sheer silk stockings.
worldwide adv.在全世界
overwhelm v.制服，使不知所措
He was overwhelmed by grief. 悲伤至极
Grief seized him.
Your kindness quite overwhelms me. （I appreciates your kindness.）
The problem overwhelmes (is beyond/above) me.
辨析： conquer征服，占领，克服 He conquered the city.
口头上表达克服困难：overcome, get rid of (difficulties)
书面语insurmountable 艰难的
vanquish 征服，暗含击败含义
pollute v.污染
pesticide n.杀虫剂
fertilizer n.肥料
salmonella n.沙门氏菌
listeria n.利斯特杆菌
vegetarian n.吃素的人
organically-grown adj.有机培植（不施化肥和其他化学药品培植）
insidious adj.暗中为害的
urban adj.城市的
burglar n.窃贼
burgle v.入室偷窃
burgle into a house
scream v.尖叫
scream at
profound adj.极度的
替换词：
deep, complete
Yesterday he had a profound sleep.
intense, extreme
He is afflicted with profound anxieties.
knowledgable
He is a profound scholar.
irritation n.烦躁
irritate 使烦躁
noises always irritate us.
irritated 感到烦躁的
irritating 令人烦躁的
incessantly adv.连续不断的
perpetual struggle, permanent job, eternal love, continuance rain, continual, continually, constant struggle
incessant =continuous 侧重连续不断的
It has been raining incessantly for 3 hours.
There is a week of incessant rains.
ceaseless =endless, none stop, unbroken
uninterrupted
Last night I had an uninterrupted party.
He gave us a talk uninterrupted.
Undisturbed
whine v.发呜呜声
helicopter n.直升飞机
maximum adj.最大的
technology n.技术
contribution n.贡献
mobile adj.可移动的
snore v.打鼾
offender n.冒犯者
staggering adj.令人惊愕的
surprise, amaze, astonish, astound, astounding
The old lady reported to the police and they felt astounded/found it staggering.
trumpet v.吹号
partner n.伙伴
Text 课文
Pollution is the price we pay for an overpopulated, over industrialized planet. (背诵)
I was blamed for being late.
Losing health is the price he paid for his hard work.
When you come to think about it, there are only four ways you can deal with rubbish: dump it, burn it, turn it into something you can use again, attempt to produce less of it.
利用支持句论述观点
Come to=get to
并列平行结构，突出deal with，处理，后面用动词而非名词。
There are some good ways to study English well: listen, speak, read, and write. 用语气强调study。
There are four good ways to study English: listening, speaking, reading and writing. 强调ways。
reuse it recycle it
We keep trying all four methods, but sheer volume of rubbish we produce worldwide threatens to overwhelm us. (背诵)
The writer wants to illustrate if the volume of rubbish is growing everyday, we wouldn’t have a good way to solve the problem.
volume=amount
threaten to do
The coming earthquake threatens the village.
promise 预测好的未来
threaten 预测恶运，坏兆头
Dark clouds threaten a heavy storm.
The sun promises a good day.
It is possible for a rubbish to destroy our world.
overwhelming: something is beyond your control
两自然段衔接自然，由rubbish引入其他污染。
The need to produce every increasing quantities of cheap food leads to a different kind of pollution. (背诵)
不定式to做定语表示要发生的
lead to=result in/cause/bring about
The price we pay for cheap food may be already too high. (背诵)
If you think you’ll abandon meat and become a vegetarian, you have the choice of very expensive organically-grown vegetables or a steady diet of pesticides every time you think you’re eating fresh salads and vegetables, or just having an innocent glass of water!
abandon: 强调被迫放弃 be forced to give up
organically-grown vegetables: 绿色蔬菜
every time: whenever
innocent: Water is innocent, but human being pollute them.
However, there is an even more insidious kind of pollution that particularly affects urban areas and invades our daily lives, and that is noise. (背诵)
however: We are quite clear, rubbish, cheap food and vegetable are terrible, but there is more dangerous pollution in front of you.
Insidious: 暗中为害，阴险的，这里强调更严重的
Burglar alarms going off at any time of the day or night serve only to annoy passers-by and actually assist burglars to burgle.
going off 作定语修饰说明burglar alarms
换成定语从句
Burglar alarms that go off at any time of the day or night serve only to annoy passers-by and actually assist burglars to burgle.
assist, annoy 平行，to 不必重复
Car alarms constantly scream at us in the street and are a source of profound irritation. (背诵)
constantly, incessantly, continuously
不用lead to，用了比较规范的书面用语 are a source of
Her husband earns a lot of money every mouth and he is a source of income. 摇钱树
The survey revealed a large number of sources of noise that we really dislike. （背诵） 综述语句
列举一系列事实时，注意句式结构保持一致，与之相呼应的词：sources of noise，所以用名词结构
lawn mower: 割草机 container trucks: 集装箱卡车
New technology has also made its own contribution to noise. (背诵)
According to this sentence, the writer illustrates another cause.
make contribution to: In fact, the writer wants to say, new technology had also led to/result in noise. 从讽刺反面的角度去表述的
contribute to: 引起，导致，是….的起因
Air pollution contributes to disease.
Object to/take objection to/against
Loud conversations on mobile phones invade our thoughts or interrupt the pleasure of meeting friends for a quiet chat. (背诵)
According to these examples, the writer wants to show why mobile phone is one source of noise.
The noise pollution survey revealed a rather surprising and possibly amusing old fashioned source of noise.
The air pollution survey revealed that in the world there are 10 big cities have been polluted terribly, and one of them is China.
It turned out to be snoring!
turn out :prove
Men were found to be the worst offenders.
offend: 惹怒 offender: 罪魁祸首
采用被动语态：客观描述，而非突出人发现
It is said… 据说
It is revealed… 据纰漏
It is announced… 据宣布
20% of men in their mid-thirties/in their early thirties/in their thirties/in their late thirties.
against these figures
Comparing these figures, we found…
are woken: 被惊醒 keep awake: 不能入睡
Whatever the source of noise, one thing is certain: silence, it seems, has become a golden memory. (背诵)
综述，对第三段的概括与总结
与Lesson 44, page 204, line 28对比：
However you decide to spend your time, one thing is certain…
要求背诵的语句，都不是具体的实例，而是综述
Vocabulary 词汇
dump: drop completely
sheer: volume: pure amount
rubbish: garbage
lead to: result in, cause, bring about
dairy: a place where milk is kept and milk product are made
abandon: give up
organically-grown: using farming or gardening methods without artificial chemicals or fertilizer
Multiple choice questions 多项选择
c
b
The root cause of pollution in agriculture is the twin pressures to produce more food and at lower cost. (背诵)
root n. 修饰cause
twin 表示密切相关联的两种压力
a
the most distressing 最让人不能集中注意力的
c
Snoring causes a severe noise problem for women of all ages.（背诵）
a
a way to do/of doing
c
a
people traveling around the world (lesson 44) quite often 不表示正在进行，而表示主动的动作
people who travel around the world quite often
a
强调句式
c (背诵)
原文中用make contribution to
play an important role/part in sth.
do its bit: 尽本分做应该做的
do a share: 做好分内的工作
c
原文中用 object to
take exception against/to
offend: 冒犯、触怒、使不舒服
take offence at sb./sth.
a （背诵）
显露出来：bring sth. to light 及物动词短语 come to light 不及物动词短语
The information came to light.
It was the captain who brought the information to light.
b
原文中用 against
by comparison
by comparison wit sth.