Lesson 52 Mud is Mud 实事求是
New words and expression 生词和短语
学习词汇时仅知道汉语语义是不够的，要把单词放在语句中体会其应用
学习关键句结构是则要把它放在段落结构或文章里
permanent adj.永久的
tint v.给...染色
delicate adj.淡色的
shade n.色度
observant adj.观察力敏锐的
grayish adj.浅灰色的
dispel v.驱散，消除
outlandish adj.稀奇古怪的
acquisition n.获得
cosmetic n.化妆品
outrageous adj.无理的
fanciful adj. 想象出来的
insoluble adj.不可溶解的
prompt v.敦促，激励
exclusive adj.专售高档商品的
syllable n.音节
bewilderment n.迷惑，糊涂
freckle n.雀斑
evidently adv.显然地，明显地
weird adj.奇异的，古怪的
concoction n.调制品
intoxicate v.陶醉，得意忘形
blank adj.无表情的
discreetly adv.谨慎地
clutch v.抓住
adorn v.装饰，打扮
mud is mud实事求是
同义 spade is spade 实事求是
fact is fact
permanent adj. 永久的 ~job/house
----temporary临时的
tint v. 给...染色 一般了解
eg. Tint the paper yellow把纸染成黄色
delicate adj.淡色的 清淡的,雅致的
eg. I like the delicate dress
shade n.色度 荫凉 in the shade 在萌凉处 shady adj.
短语 in the shady street / in the shady spot
observant adj.观察力敏锐的
grayish adj.浅灰色的 light gray
dispel v.驱散,消除
outlandish adj.稀奇古怪的 odd/strange/ fantastic , queer , peculiar , weird强调奇异的古怪的,相当于odd
同义 eccentric古怪的
eg. I can't get along well with the weird.
因为离奇而让人产生奇怪
outlandish : queer odd
----strange and unpleasant 奇怪也让人感觉到不开心
weird: strange and unnatural
----difficult to understand不可思议的,荒唐的
acquisition n.获得 * acquire get gain obtain 获得技能，信息勇气
acquire confidence /courage/knowledge/skills
acquisition : the act of acquiring
eg. He devotes his time to the acquisition of knowledge
devote one's time to
既包括精神上的也包括物质上的
the acquisition of sth. (通常形式)
Acquiring confidence is essential.
The acquisition of confidence is essential.
The acquisition of skills is necessary in the modern society.
acquirement 仅指精神上的获得
acquisition可以指泛泛的概念
the acquisition/acquirement of knowledge知识的获得
the acquisition of money 金钱的获得
The acquisition of money is what a large number of people run after.
the ~ of sth.
cosmetic n.化妆品
outrageous adj.无理的 He found my offer outrageous.
unreasonable irrational illogical ridiculous unpleasant unpleasing
fanciful 想象出来的 imaginable
imagining doing / fancying doing
insoluble adj.不可溶解的 solve解决 insolve 不可溶解
*** prompt v.敦促,激励 vt. urge sb. to do sth. Persuade sb. to do sth.怂勇某人作某事
prompt sb. to do
eg. What prompted him to be so generous.什么事情使他这么慷慨大方呢
Our discussion prompted some questions.我们的讨论引出了几个问题
lead to ; cause ; result in; prompt激励，敦促
eg. What prompts you to study English so hard?
promptly adv.
Prompt : quick
take measure 采取措施
eg. He took a prompt measure.
He made a prompt decision.他做出了果断的决定。
swift His rise to fame was swift.他出名这事可以说是相当迅速。
swift 没有任何干扰，一点也不费力的连续不断的迅速.形容相当快
----The car is going fast.
----The car is going swiftly.
He made rapid/swift progress.
rapid:迅速的 某事发生的速度快
rapid recovery 快速康复
He is still young , so his recovery is rapid.
speedy don't do it in such a speedy way
haste : more haste less speed 欲速则不达
hasty 匆匆忙忙，草率
----Sometimes we make a decision in a haste way.
----Sometimes we make a decision in a hastily.
exclusive adj.专售高档商品的
syllable n.音节
bewilderment n.迷惑,糊涂
bewilder :puzzle
eg. Your question puzzled me.
bewilder 令人眼花缭乱
eg. Yesterday I went shopping ,but countless beautiful dresses bewildered me.
in bewilderment处于茫眼不知所措之中
freckle n.雀斑
evidently adv.显示地,明显地 evident显眼的，突出的
eg. She is evident at party.她在晚会上很突出
in evidence 相当于evident evidently
weird adj.奇异的,古怪的
concoction n.调制品
intoxicate v.陶醉,得意忘形 excite greatly beyond self control
be intoxicated by
be intoxicated with
When we pass our important examinations , we are intoxicated with our success.
intoxicate 使喝醉
If you drink too much whiskey ,you will get intoxicated.
get drunk 喝多了
become intoxicated
intoxicating令人陶醉的
intoxication
----He failed in his examination ,but he was intoxicated with that ,and his intoxication was beyond my understanding.
blank adj.无表情的
discreetly adv.谨慎地 discreet=careful in speech and action
----He's discreet in giving his opinion.
----He's discreet in airing his views.
言行举止很谨慎
eg. When you have to make a big decision, particularly in front of a large number of people ,you must be discreet.
be discreet in doing sth.
careful 细心的 只是表明细心的，并不表示谨慎
Whatever we do ,we must be careful.
Be careful, a car is rushing towards you.
cautious 谨慎的 既表示谨慎也表示细心
He is a cautious person ,so whatever he does ,he is not only discreet but careful as well.
considerate考虑周到的，细心的 thoughtful
You will live easily if you have a considerate friend with you.
prudent慎重的，与细心无关
You must make a prudent decision.
wary 小心翼翼的 比careful语气要强
tactful机智的 tact机智 表示考虑周全的
clutch v,抓住 snatch seize grasp clasp
adorn v.装饰,打扮
well decorated walls 装饰得很漂亮的墙壁
adorn打扮，配戴 eg. We adorn our rooms with flowers.
decorate 装修 Newly weds embark on the task of decorating their new house.
新婚夫妇忙着装修他们的新房子
adorn 装点
He adorned his story with all sorts of adventures that never happened.
adorn sth. with
She adorned her dress with a lace.
ornament v.增添细节或装饰物 同adorn
The dress is ornamented/adorned with lace.
一位珠光宝气，身穿皮衣的女士
a woman adorned in jewelry and fur
in jeans in jewelry in fur
a miss adorned in mink coat
a beautifully adorned room装饰的......
a beautifully decorated house 装修的......
Text 课文
Mud is Mud
Mud is mud 实事求是
直接了当叙述事物，人物，地点
(记叙文)
My cousin , Harry , keeps a large curiously shaped bottle on permanent display in his study .
keep sth. on permanent display
curiously-shaped 形状奇怪的
eg. wine bottles of all shapes and sizes
Despite the fact that the bottle is tinted a delicate shade of green , an observant visitor would soon notice that it is filled with what looks like a thick , grayish substance.
despite the fact that
in spite of the fact that
尽管事实如此
would现在有可能存在
used to 过去常常存在而现在不了
He would often have class in the morning.
if you should 和if you were to 可能互换
what looks like---what所引导的层次结构,what起的作用就是一个修饰的词汇
If you were to ask Harry what was in the bottle , he would tell you that it contained perfumed mud.
说明将来事实相反的一种虚拟,假设
should +动原. 可能性大
were to +动原.可能性极小
If you expressed doubt or surprise he would immediately invite you to smell it and then to rub some into your skin. This brief experiment would dispel any further doubts you might entertain.
brief简单的 简洁迅速
simple
The bottle really does contain perfumed mud, How Harry came into the possession of this outlandish stuff makes an interesting story which he is fond of relating. Furthermore, the acquisition of this bottle cured him of a bad habit he had been developing for years.
does用来加强语气
come into the possession of sth.获得的过程
eg. ----How Harry married his beautiful wife makes an interesting story.
Harry是怎么样娶了这样一位漂亮的妻子还有一段有趣的故事。
采用一般现在时态
he is fond of relating=he is fond of talking about
stuff=material=substance
furthermore=what is more=more over
furthermore……. (承接上文)这个瓶子的获得，还治好了他的一个坏毛病。
that引导定语从句(省略)
own habits by heart 积习难改，本性难移
Harry used to consider it a great joke to go into expensive cosmetic shops and make outrageous requires for goods that do not exist.
consider is a great joke to do sth. 把做某事看作是巨大的乐趣,是件开心的事.
consider it great fun
consider it great amusement
consider it a great joy
He would invent fanciful names on the spot. On entering a shop, he would ask for a new perfume called "Scented Shadow' or for 'insoluble bath cubes'.
He would/used to invent names imaginable on the spot.
on the spot 当场，当时
on entering a shop=as soon as he enters a shop
pretend to do装做...
considerably=greatly
on doing sth.
If a shop girl told him she had not heard of it, he would pretend to be considerably put out.
pretend to do….
put out=upset=annoy 经常用在被动语态当中
eg. --He was put out by my rude words.
我的粗鲁的话语使他非常的生气/恼怒。
He loved to be told that one of his imaginary products was temporarily out of stock and he would faithfully promise to call again at some future date, but of course he never did.
imaginary虚构的，想象的
out of stock 脱销，没有货
faithfully promise信誓旦旦地说
at some future date=some day=one day
How Harry managed to keep a straight face during these performances is quite beyond me.
keep a straight face=keep serious 板起面孔
how引导主语从句…谓语动词用一般现在时
is quite beyond me=is quite beyond my understanding
=is quite beyond my imagination
Harry does not need to be prompted to explain how he bought his precious bottle of mud.
keep sth. on permanent display 永远展示，陈列
----We don't know how he came into (the) possession of the farm.
----You needn't encourage him to explain his story.
of his own accord自然而然地，相当于willingly
One day, he went to an exclusive shop in London and asked for ' Myrolite '.
exclusive shop:only wealthy people can visit such expensive shop
exclusive right to publish their stories
exclusive 1独家的，独占的2不相容的
The school is exclusive.
exclusive shop专售高档商品的商店
The shop assistant looked puzzled and Harry repeated the word, slowly stressing each syllable.
puzzled 茫然不知所措
When the girl shook her head in bewilderment, Harry went on to explain that ' myrolite ' was a hard, amber-like substance which could be used to remove freckles.
bewildered
stressing加重每一个音节
go on to do sth.继续做别的事情
cat-like;dog-like
amber-like像琥一样的
be used to do被用来干...
be used to doing习惯于做...
This explanation evidently conveyed something to the girl who searched shelf after shelf.
She produced all sorts of weird concoctions, but none of them named with Harry's requirements.
shelf after shelf=one shelf after another
produced=showed
He produced a cigarette to me.他拿出了一颗烟给我.
meet with sb's requirements
requirements=demands
When Harry put on his act of being mildly annoyed, the girl promised to order some for him .
put on his act of doing 装模作样
put on =pretend
She said that she felt ill,but she was just putting it on.
她说她生病了，其实她只是装出来的。
He put on the act of understanding me/what I said.
他装出理解我的话的样子。
He pretends to be wealthy.
He put on an act of being wealthy.
Intoxicated by his success, Harry then asked for perfumed mud. He expected the girl to look at him in blank astonishment.
in blank astonishment 茫然惊奇地
amazed 惊奇的
The custom officer's face lit up as soon as he saw the tiny bottle on the bottom of my suitcase.
However, it was how turn to be surprised, for the girl's eyes immediately lit up and she fetched several bottles which she placed on the counter for Harry to inspect.
inspect=choose=select
For once, Harry had to admit defeat. He picked up what seemed to be the smallest bottle and discreetly asked the price.
admit defeat =take a beating认输
My aunt Harriet found piles of bottles of all shapes and sizes in what had been Bessie's wardrobe.
what was in those days enlisted policy当时所谓的开明政策
seemed to be=looked like
He was glad to get away with a mere five guineas and he beat a hasty retreat, clutching the precious bottle under his arm.
discreet言行小心
retreat撤退，指大规模的撤退
beat a retreat溜走
hasty=speedy
He left the shop as quickly as possible.
clutching现在分词做伴随状况状语
夸张的口吻
I got away with precious chalk marks on my luggage.
From then on, Harry decided that this little game he had invented might prove to be expensive. The curious bottle which now adorns the bookcase in his study was his first and last purchase of rare cosmetics.
pay the price付出代价
----The girl studies English well who lives in my neighbourhood.
----The girl, who lives in my neighbourhood ,studies English well.
admit defeat认输
beat a hasty retreat匆忙溜掉
stress each syllable加强音节
in bewilderment
in blank astonishment
补充：
一、词组
curiously shaped 奇形怪状的oddly shaped
on display 陈列 on show
what looks like 一种看上去像things that look like
came into the possession of 有，手里有got(took) possession of
in fond of 喜欢 is attached to ,likes
cured him of 医好了他的...,made him completely better in health after an attack of ...(illness)
on the spot 当场，立即 immediately
pretend to 假惺惺装作 to appear, say ,claim falsely in order to mislead
be put out 不悦to cause sb to feel uncomfortable ,annoyed
was out of stock 没有存货 had nothing in stock
at some future date 不日 at an uncertain date
keep a straight face 扮得一本正经 in all seriousness, in dead earnest(be)
is quite beyond me: 令我费解 beyond me = beyond my ken
be prompted to 提醒 be incited to
in bewilderment 迷惑不解地 in a state of blank perplexity
went on to 接着began to
conveyed sth. To 对...有所启示 made (sth.) known to (sb.) 对...说明某一问题
met with requirements 符合需要，满足要求 satisfied one's needs.
put on his act of 装作acted as if he were...
intoxicated by 沉醉于，这里是被动形式，本身沉醉于用 be intoxicated with (success)
in blank astonishment 目瞪口呆地 dumbfounded
lit up 现出喜悦的神情 became more cheerful
for once 就这一次on this one occasion
admit defeat 认输 throw up the sponge ,give up
picked up 拿起lifted something from...
what seemed to be 那种似乎是...things that seemed to be...
get away 离开leave
beat a (hasty) retreat 急忙退却，逃之夭夭 withdraw quickly
little game 小小玩笑 little trick
二、若干表达法示例
1.put out 不高兴
----1) He seemed greatly put out by the arrival of the new workers.
----2) She never gets put out even by the most difficult maters.
2.on the spot 当场
----1) No one could look at that dear sweet little face of yours without falling in love with you on the spot.
----2) He did it on the spot.
----3) He died on the spot.
3.convey to 把什么一种...使人理解
----1) How can I convey these idea to the children?
----2) The phrase does not convey this meaning.
----3) This description, picture ,sketch will convey some idea of the scenery.
----4) It conveyed to me the idea of a battlefield.
(idea是概况的意思)
4 lit up 显出愉悦的神情
----1) Her face lit up with joy when she heard the good news.
----2) A smile lit up his face.
5 beat a retreat 退却
----1) They beat a retreat when they saw that they were too few.
----2) The cat beat a hasty retreat when he saw the dog coming.
----3) He beat a retreat ,when he saw me.
----4) The enemy beat a hasty retreat when they found the place occupied.
----5) Seeing that his rival was outwitting him ,he beat a hasty retreat by saying that he was not feeling well and had to go to the doctor's.